glaucoma risks Archives - Armadale Eye Clinic

Posts

Before And After Glaucoma Surgery

Is There A Difference Before And After Glaucoma Surgery?

June 16, 2025/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma can be a complex condition to navigate, especially when you’re trying to understand what to expect before and after glaucoma surgery.

Whether you’re newly diagnosed, researching treatment options, or have been managing glaucoma for years, this guide is here to help you gain clarity. We’ll walk through every stage, from preparation to recovery, so that you can feel more confident in your next steps.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a set of eye diseases that can ruin the optic nerve, the part that sends visual information to the brain. This damage often occurs due to high intraocular pressure (IOP), which leads to a build-up of fluid and increased pressure.

Types Of Glaucoma

There are various types of glaucoma, and each type requires tailored treatment. Here’s a breakdown of the most common forms:

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: This is the most widespread form of glaucoma that occurs when the eye’s natural drainage system becomes less efficient over time, causing fluid to build up and increasing eye pressure. It typically develops gradually and may not show noticeable symptoms until significant damage has occurred.
Angle-Closure Glaucoma (Closed-Angle Glaucoma): This is a more acute form of glaucoma, where the eye’s drainage angle becomes blocked, causing an accelerated rise in IOP. It can cause sudden vision loss and require prompt medical attention.
Secondary Glaucoma: This type develops due to another medical condition or injury. It can be caused by diabetes or medications that increase eye pressure.
Traumatic Glaucoma: This form occurs after an injury to the eye, which can disrupt the flow of fluid, leading to increased pressure and potential damage to the optic nerve.
Moderate Glaucoma: This refers to glaucoma in its intermediate stage, where eye pressure has risen enough to cause some damage to the optic nerve, but it’s not yet in its advanced stages.

Is There A Difference Before And After Glaucoma Surgery?

Yes, but the difference isn’t always about immediate, dramatic changes in vision. Instead, the biggest shift is often in how glaucoma is managed. Many patients find that their eye pressure becomes more stable, and they may rely less on medical therapy. With early intervention, surgery can also help protect the eye from further damage.

Types Of Glaucoma Surgery

Several types of glaucoma surgery aim to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent optic nerve damage. The most common include:

MIGS Procedures (Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery): These newer surgical options offer a quicker recovery process and are typically suitable for those with mild to moderate glaucoma. Examples include iStent and Hydrus microstent implants.
SLT Laser Procedures (Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty): A laser surgery that targets the trabecular meshwork to improve fluid drainage. It’s minimally invasive and often used as an early intervention.
YAG laser iridotomy: YAG laser iridotomy, used primarily for closed-angle glaucoma, creates a small hole in the iris to improve fluid drainage and lower pressure.

What Happens Before Glaucoma Surgery?

Before undergoing glaucoma surgery, several important steps are taken to ensure the best possible outcome.

These include:

Preoperative Consultation: During your preoperative consultation, your eye surgeon will evaluate your specific type of glaucoma, review your current treatment plan, and recommend the most suitable surgical approach.
Adjusting Medications: Your surgeon may advise you to pause certain glaucoma drops or medications in the days leading up to surgery. They will provide clear guidance on which medications to stop and when to do so.
Preparing Mentally and Physically: You’ll discuss any health concerns with your surgeon, review the surgery process, and plan for post-surgery recovery. Additionally, you will be instructed not to wear eye makeup on the day of the surgery to avoid any complications.

The Day Of Surgery

On the day of your glaucoma treatment, here’s what to expect:

Arriving At The Location: Your surgery will take place in an operating room. You will remain awake throughout the procedure, but anaesthetic eye drops will numb the area. A mild sedative may also be administered to help you stay relaxed.
The Procedure: The surgery typically lasts between 30 and 90 minutes, depending on the type of procedure. Most patients experience minimal discomfort, and the surgery is usually completed as a day procedure, allowing you to go home the same day.

Recovery Process

The recovery process is straightforward, though there are important steps to follow. Here’s what to know:

The First Week: During the first week, you may experience mild discomfort, blurred vision, or light sensitivity. An eye shield may be recommended to protect the operated eye and upper eyelid while you sleep.
Eye Drops and Medications: Your surgeon will likely prescribe anti-inflammatory or antibiotic eye drops to promote healing and prevent infection. These will be different from your usual glaucoma medications.
Prevent Scarring: To avoid scarring, which can affect fluid drainage, certain medications or techniques may be used during or after the procedure to support proper healing.
Follow-Up Visits: You will have follow-up visits with your doctor over the first few weeks to monitor intraocular pressure and ensure that healing is progressing.

Combining Cataract Surgery And Glaucoma Surgery

Sometimes, glaucoma surgery is performed alongside cataract surgery. This can be efficient and offers the benefit of addressing two issues simultaneously.

Before And After Changes

Here’s what you may notice before and after your glaucoma surgery:

Daily Life Changes

After your surgery, you’ll likely be able to return to your normal activities within a few weeks. However, to ensure proper healing, it’s important to avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting during the early stages of recovery.

Vision Differences

While glaucoma surgery typically doesn’t restore lost vision, it can help stabilise it and prevent further vision loss. You might notice improved clarity, especially if your surgery is combined with cataract surgery, which can also help reduce intraocular pressure.

Emotional And Lifestyle Benefits

After surgery, you may feel a sense of relief from the constant need to treat glaucoma. Reducing or eliminating reliance on daily eye drops or medications can significantly improve your quality of life and emotional well-being.

Risks And Considerations

Like all surgeries, glaucoma procedures carry some risks, including infection, inflammation, or temporary vision fluctuations. However, most surgeons carefully monitor these during follow-up.

More complicated issues, such as scarring or abnormal drainage, may occur but are usually manageable with additional treatment or medication.

Frequently Asked Questions

How will I know if the surgery was successful?

During follow-up visits, your surgeon will monitor your recovery and check for signs of healing and improved eye pressure. If eye pressure is stable and there are no complications, this typically indicates that the surgery was successful.

Can I wear makeup after surgery?

To minimise the risk of infection and ensure proper healing, it’s best to avoid wearing eye makeup for at least two weeks following surgery or as your surgeon advises.

Can I drive after glaucoma surgery?

It’s generally recommended to avoid driving until your vision has stabilised and you feel comfortable. Your doctor will guide you on when it is okay to resume driving.

Conclusion

Deciding whether glaucoma surgery is right for you can feel overwhelming, and that’s perfectly okay. But by learning what happens before and after glaucoma surgery, you’re already on the path to making an informed, confident choice.

Many patients who undergo glaucoma surgery describe feeling more in control of their treatment and relieved to have more stable eye pressure. The goal is always to lower eye pressure and preserve your vision for the future.

If you’ve been managing glaucoma with medications or laser surgery and are curious about your next steps, consider speaking with your eye doctor about your surgical options. Every eye is different, but the journey towards better eye health can start today.

If you are concerned about glaucoma or have questions about treatment options, we’re here in Melbourne to help.

Our experienced eye surgeons can guide you through the process and ensure you receive the best possible care.

Contact Armadale Eye Clinic at (03) 9070 5753 to schedule a consultation and learn more about how we can help you manage your glaucoma and protect your vision for the future.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources

Lin, A. P (2025) Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma (AACG). In Medscape (ed. I. Irak Dersu). Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206956-overview?form=fpf (accessed 22 April 2025).

Moore, W. (2024) What Is Open-Angle Glaucoma? In WebMD. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/eye-open-angle-glaucoma (accessed 22 April 2025).

Reddy, N. (2024) Laser Surgery for Glaucoma: How It Works and What to Expect. In GoodRx. Available at: https://www.goodrx.com/conditions/glaucoma/glaucoma-surgery (accessed 22 April 2025).

Winderl, A. Marturana (2023) A Guide to Glaucoma Surgery. In Health. Available at: https://www.health.com/condition/glaucoma/glaucoma-surgery (accessed 22 April 2025).

Does Glaucoma Cause Blindness

Does Glaucoma Cause Blindness? Everything You Need To Know

April 4, 2025/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is said to take away your vision slowly because of its damage to the optic nerve, which is important for seeing clearly. But does glaucoma cause blindness?

In this article, you’ll learn how glaucoma affects your eyes, the different types of glaucoma, and what treatments are available. You’ll also discover steps you can take to protect your eyesight.

Does Glaucoma Cause Blindness?

Glaucoma harms the optic nerve, which helps your eyes send pictures to your brain. This damage often happens when eye pressure gets too high. The eye makes a clear fluid called aqueous humour, which usually drains out naturally.

But if this fluid does not drain properly, pressure builds up and eventually impairs the optic nerve. Over time, this might lead to permanent vision loss.

The Role Of Eye Pressure

Your eyes need normal pressure to keep their shape and work properly. But if the pressure inside the eye, called intraocular pressure (IOP), gets too high, it can press on the optic nerve and cause damage.

Some people can even develop glaucoma without high eye pressure. That’s why regular eye check-ups are so important!

Types Of Glaucoma And Their Impact On Vision

Glaucoma comes in different types, and each one affects your vision in its own way. Some types develop slowly and painlessly, while others appear suddenly and need quick treatment. Understanding the differences will help you know the amount of risk and take steps to protect your eyesight.

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)

This is a common type of glaucoma that occurs when the eye’s drainage angle becomes less efficient, causing pressure to build up.

It develops slowly and may not show any early signs.
Over time, it can cause peripheral vision loss (side vision).
Without treatment, blind spots may develop, leading to permanent vision loss.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma (ACG)

This type happens when the drainage angle suddenly closes, causing a quick rise in eye pressure. It can happen fast and needs emergency care.

Acute angle-closure glaucoma can cause bad eye pain, blurred vision, and nausea.
Chronic angle-closure glaucoma develops slowly but still damages the optic nerve over time.
If not managed, it can lead to vision loss.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG)

This type of glaucoma can damage the optic nerve, even when eye pressure is normal. The exact cause isn’t clear, but it might be because of poor blood flow to the optic nerve.

Vision loss happens slowly, making it hard to notice at first.
Regular eye exams are the way to catch it early.

Congenital Glaucoma

This less common type of glaucoma is present at birth. It happens when a baby’s eye fluid doesn’t drain properly.

Babies may have cloudy eyes, sensitivity to light, and excessive tearing.
If unmanaged, it can lead to blind spots, blurred vision, or permanent vision loss.
Early treatment can help protect the child’s eyesight.

Recognising The Symptoms Of Glaucoma

Glaucoma can be hard to notice at first because it often develops slowly and without pain. Many people don’t realise they have it until their vision starts changing. That’s why regular eye check-ups are so important!

As glaucoma gets worse, you may start to notice changes in your vision. Some signs to look out for include:

Changes In Peripheral Vision

One of the early signs of glaucoma is losing side vision. This can happen so slowly that you may not realise it at first.

At first, you may not notice small gaps in your side vision.
Over time, your vision may feel narrower, like you’re looking through a tunnel.
This can make it hard to see objects to the side while walking or driving.

Blurred Vision

Glaucoma can also make your vision blurry or foggy, making it harder to see clearly.

You might find it hard to focus on objects, especially up close.
Things may look foggy or unclear, even when wearing glasses.

Blind Spots

As the optic nerve gets damaged, you may notice dark spots in your vision.

Small dark or missing areas in your vision may appear.
These blind spots can grow, making it harder to see clearly.

Severe Eye Pain (Especially With AACG)

Some types of glaucoma, like acute angle-closure glaucoma, can cause sudden and intense eye pain. This is a medical emergency.

The pain may be severe and sharp.
It may come with nausea, vomiting, and headaches.
If you experience this, seek medical help immediately.

Vision Changes In Dim Lighting

If glaucoma progresses, you may struggle to see in low light or adjust to darkness.

Walking in a dark room may feel difficult.
Night driving may become more challenging.

Eye Redness And Discomfort

Your eyes may feel irritated or uncomfortable, especially as the pressure inside the eye increases.

Your eyes may look red or irritated.
They may feel sensitive to light.

How Is Glaucoma Diagnosed?

Glaucoma does not always cause early symptoms, so regular eye exams are necessary to catch it early. An eye doctor will look for signs of glaucoma before you even notice any vision changes.

To diagnose glaucoma, your eye doctor will perform a comprehensive dilated eye exam. This allows them to take a close look at your optic nerve, eye pressure, and vision. Here are some common tests they may use:

Visual Field Test

Glaucoma might cause blind spots in your vision, often without you realising it. A visual field test helps the doctor check if you have any missing areas in your sight.

You will be asked to focus on a target while responding to light signals.
This test maps out your field of vision to detect any changes.

Measuring Eye Pressure

Since eye pressure plays a big role in glaucoma, your doctor will check if it is within a healthy range.

This test helps determine if extra eye pressure may affect the optic nerve.
There are different ways to measure eye pressure, and your doctor will use the most suitable method.

Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT)

The optic nerve delivers visual information to your brain. Glaucoma can damage this nerve, so your doctor will examine it carefully.

OCT helps check for any signs of damage.
Tracking changes in this nerve over time can help with early detection.

Checking The Eye’s Drainage System

For some people, fluid inside the eye does not drain properly, which can raise pressure levels.

Your doctor may assess how well fluid drains from your eye.
If needed, treatment options can help improve fluid flow.

Treatment Options For Glaucoma

Glaucoma can’t be cured, but early management can help slow down vision loss. The goal of management is to lower IOP and protect the optic nerve from further damage. Your eye doctor will suggest the best possible option based on your type of glaucoma, eye pressure levels, and eye health.

Eye Drops

Eye drops are often the first step in managing glaucoma. They help lower eye pressure by improving how fluid drains from the eye or reducing the amount of fluid it produces.

Eye drops must be used every day as prescribed.
They help control the pressure inside the eye to prevent further damage.
It’s important to use eye drops properly to get the best possible results.
Your doctor may adjust the type or dosage if needed.

Many people use glaucoma eye drops long-term to help manage their condition and keep their vision stable.

Laser Treatment

Laser therapy can help fluid flow more easily from the eye, reducing pressure levels. It is often recommended if eye drops aren’t enough to control the condition.

This is a comfortable procedure performed by an eye doctor.
It helps open the drainage angle to improve fluid flow.
It may reduce or end the need for eye drops in some cases.
Different types of laser treatments are available depending on the type of glaucoma. Some common laser treatments include:
- Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT laser): often used for open-angle glaucoma to improve drainage.
- YAG Laser Iridotomy: typically used for angle-closure glaucoma to create a small opening in the iris, allowing better fluid movement.

Laser therapy is an effective option for many people, but results can vary. Some individuals may need extra treatments over time to maintain healthy eye pressure.

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries (MIGS)

Surgical procedures may be suggested for some individuals to help lower IOP and protect vision. MIGS, like iStent and Hydrus, offer faster recovery than traditional surgeries.

These procedures help fluid drain more efficiently from the eye.
They can often be performed alongside cataract surgery.
They may reduce the need for long-term medication.
Your eye doctor will discuss which surgical options may be suitable for you.

Preventing Glaucoma And Further Vision Loss

Taking care of your eyes and health can lower your risk. Here are some ways you can protect your vision:

Get regular eye exams to detect glaucoma early.
Keep high blood pressure and other health issues under control.
Wear safety glasses to prevent an eye injury.
Stick to a good lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, exercising, and avoiding smoking.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who is at higher risk of developing glaucoma?

Some people may have a higher risk of glaucoma if they:

Have a family history of glaucoma
Are over 40 years old
Have high eye pressure
Have high blood pressure or diabetes
Have experienced an eye injury

Can glaucoma cause headaches?

Yes, glaucoma can cause headaches. This happens when eye pressure gets too high. It is more common with acute angle-closure glaucoma. But if you have open-angle glaucoma, you may not get headaches.

Can wearing glasses or contact lenses prevent glaucoma?

No, glasses and contact lenses help you see clearly, but they do not stop glaucoma. The best way to protect your vision is to get regular eye check-ups.

Conclusion

Glaucoma is a serious eye disease that can lead to vision loss if not detected and managed early. Yet, there are ways to protect your eyesight.

Getting regular eye check-ups, following your treatment plan, and knowing your risk factors can help you take care of your vision.

Your vision is important. If you have questions about glaucoma or want to check your eye health, we’re here in Melbourne to help.

Book an eye exam today and take a step towards protecting your sight. Contact Armadale Eye Clinic today at (03) 9070 5753 to schedule your appointment!

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources

Biggerstaff K S 2024. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology Dersu I Irak, editor. Medscape. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206147-overview [Accessed February 7, 2025]

George R, Panda S & Vijaya L 2021. Blindness in Glaucoma: Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Versus Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma—a Meta-Analysis. Eye 36, 2099–2105. 10.1038/s41433-021-01802-9

Reddy N 2024. Laser Surgery for Glaucoma: How It Works and What to Expect. GoodRx. Available at: https://www.goodrx.com/conditions/glaucoma/glaucoma-surgery [Accessed February 7, 2025]

Smith H 2024. What to Know About Early Signs of Glaucoma. Medical News Today. Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/early-signs-of-glaucoma [Accessed February 7, 2025]

Taylor M 2023. 11 Tips for Eating for Glaucoma. HealthCentral. Available at: https://www.healthcentral.com/slideshow/glaucoma-diet-nutrition-tips [Accessed February 7, 2025]

Ocular Hypertension Vs Glaucoma

Ocular Hypertension Vs. Glaucoma: Key Differences To Know

February 19, 2025/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Taking care of your eyes is important. Sometimes, the pressure inside your eyes can be too high, and this can cause problems. This article talks about ocular hypertension vs. glaucoma. Let’s learn about these two conditions and how they can be addressed.

What Is Ocular Hypertension?

Ocular hypertension happens when the pressure inside your eye is too high. Your eye has a fluid called aqueous humour that helps keep it healthy. If this fluid doesn’t drain properly, it can build up and raise the pressure in your eye.

Even though the pressure is high, it doesn’t hurt the eye’s optic nerve right away. But if you’re one of the untreated ocular hypertension patients, you may get glaucoma. That’s why getting ocular hypertension treated is necessary.

Most people with ocular hypertension don’t notice any changes in their vision. That’s why it’s really important to visit the eye doctor to have your eye pressure checked.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a disease that can hurt the optic nerve in your eye. It is often caused by high intraocular pressure, just like ocular hypertension.

If glaucoma is not treated, it can make you lose your vision. The good news is, if doctors find it early, treatment can help stop it from getting worse.

Types Of Glaucoma

There are different types of glaucoma, and they can affect your eyes in different ways. Let’s learn about the most common types:

Open-Angle Glaucoma

Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type. It happens when the eye’s drainage system works slowly, and the fluid in the eye can’t drain properly. This causes elevated eye pressure. Developing glaucoma of this kind may be gradual, so you might not notice any changes in your vision at first. That’s why it’s important to get regular eye exams to catch it early.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Angle-closure glaucoma is another common type, but it can be more serious. It happens when the drainage angle in the eye is blocked or narrow, causing the pressure to rise quickly. This can cause sudden symptoms like a headache, blurry vision, and eye pain. If you notice these signs, you should see your eye doctor right away.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma

In this glaucoma, people have normal eye pressure. Yet, the optic nerve still gets damaged. The cause of this is not understood, but it can happen when there is insufficient blood flow to the optic nerve. People with normal-tension glaucoma may not notice symptoms. So it’s important to see an eye doctor.

Congenital Glaucoma

Congenital glaucoma is a type of glaucoma that babies are born with. It happens when the drainage system in the eye doesn’t develop properly. If it’s not treated, it can damage the optic nerve and affect the baby’s vision. Babies with congenital glaucoma may have cloudy eyes or trouble seeing.

Secondary Glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma happens when another eye problem raises eye pressure. For example, an eye injury or infection can cause secondary glaucoma. Certain medicines, like steroids, can also increase the risk of secondary glaucoma.

Although each type of glaucoma is different, all can damage the optic nerve. It’s important to visit your doctor to check for signs of glaucoma, especially if you have a family history. Early detection may help protect your vision.

Ocular Hypertension Vs. Glaucoma: What’s The Difference?

In ocular hypertension, the pressure in the eye is high, but there’s no damage to the optic nerve yet. In glaucoma, the optic nerve damage is there because of the high pressure.

What Are The Symptoms?

People with ocular hypertension usually don’t feel anything. It’s called a “silent” condition because no obvious signs exist. That’s why it’s important to see the eye doctor.

Glaucoma, on the other hand, may start with blurry vision or seeing halos around lights. You might not notice it at first, but you could start losing side (peripheral) vision over time. If you notice any changes in your vision, it’s important to see your eye doctor.

Risk Factors For Ocular Hypertension And Glaucoma

Certain things can put you at risk of developing glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Some of these are:

Family History: If someone in your family has had glaucoma, this is a risk factor.
Age: People over 40 are more likely to develop these conditions.
High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure can increase the chances of eye problems.
Eye Injuries: Any injury to the eye can affect the pressure inside it.
Ethnicity: Those of African or Asian descent are at higher risk for glaucoma.

If you have any of these risk factors, it’s even more important to see your eye doctor for regular check-ups.

How Is Ocular Hypertension Diagnosed?

Ocular hypertension is usually found during a routine eye exam. Your eye doctor will use tonometry to measure the pressure in your eyes. They will also check the optic nerve to make sure it’s healthy.

How Is Glaucoma Diagnosed?

If your eye doctor thinks you may have glaucoma, they will do several tests. These might include:

Tonometry: To check the pressure in your eye.
Visual field test: To look at your side vision.
Eye exam: To check the nerve in your eye and see if there is any damage.

Treatment For Glaucoma

The goal is to lower the eye pressure and stop further harm to the optic nerve. Some of the treatments for glaucoma include:

Eye drops: These are used to lower eye pressure.
Laser Surgery: This can help open the drainage angle or make the drainage system work better.
Surgery: In some cases, surgery might be needed to create a new drainage path for the fluid.

Success Of Glaucoma Surgery

Glaucoma surgery can help lower eye pressure and stop more damage to the optic nerve. While the surgery can’t fix the damage that has already happened, it can prevent further vision loss. It’s important to keep seeing your eye doctor regularly to make sure the treatment is working.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is glaucoma surgery safe?

Glaucoma surgery can help lower eye pressure, but like any surgery, it has some risks. There may be problems like infection, bleeding, or changes in vision, but these are not so common.

Your doctor will talk to you and help you understand them. It’s important to follow your doctor’s advice before and after surgery to make sure everything goes well.

How often should I get my eyes checked?

It’s important to have regular eye exams if you are at risk for glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Your doctor will determine when to get checked based on age, family history, and health.

What happens if glaucoma is not treated?

If glaucoma is not treated, the pressure can hurt the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. That’s why early detection and treatment are important to protect your vision.

Can stress affect eye pressure?

Yes, stress can temporarily raise eye pressure. But it usually goes back to normal once the stress is reduced. Chronic stress may have other effects on health. So it’s always a good idea to manage stress and have regular check-ups to keep your eye pressure in check.

Key Takeaways

Taking care of your eyes is important to keep your vision healthy. Understanding the difference between ocular hypertension and glaucoma can help protect your eyes. If you have regular eye exams, follow your doctor’s advice and care for your health. This way, you can help keep your eyes and vision in great shape!

If you’re worried about ocular hypertension or glaucoma, we’re here in Melbourne. Early checks can help keep your eyes healthy.

Call Armadale Eye Clinic today at (03) 9070 5753 to make sure your vision stays strong and clear!

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Biggerstaff K S 2024. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Medscape. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206147-overview [Accessed November 13, 2024]

Boyd K 2024. What Is Ocular Hypertension? American Academy of Ophthalmology. Available at: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-ocular-hypertension [Accessed November 13, 2024]

Glaucoma Australia. Risk Factors for Glaucoma. Glaucoma Australia. Available at: https://glaucoma.org.au/what-is-glaucoma/risk-factors-for-glaucoma [Accessed November 13, 2024]

Healthdirect Australia 2022. Glaucoma. Healthdirect. Available at: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glaucoma [Accessed November 13, 2024]

Mayo Clinic Staff 2022. Glaucoma – Diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372846 [Accessed November 13, 2024]

NHS 2021. Glaucoma Treatment. NHS. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glaucoma/treatments/[Accessed November 13, 2024]

What Is The Success Rate Of Glaucoma Surgery

What Is The Success Rate Of Glaucoma Surgery? Key Insights

January 3, 2025/0 Comments/in Laser Eye Surgery /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is an eye disease that can cause blindness. Surgery is one way to address it. But what is the success rate of glaucoma surgery? This article will explain the success rate of glaucoma surgery and what you can expect.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a condition that causes high pressure in the eye. This pressure can harm the eye’s nerve and cause vision loss if not treated.

What Causes Glaucoma?

Glaucoma happens when the fluid in the eye does not drain the way it should. This causes a build-up of pressure. Over time, this pressure can damage the optic nerve.

Why Is Eye Pressure Important?

The pressure in your eye, called intraocular pressure (IOP), is important. If it’s too high, it can hurt the optic nerve. Doctors try to lower eye pressure to prevent damage.

How Glaucoma Is Found

Finding glaucoma early can help keep your eyes in good condition. Doctors use different tests to check for glaucoma, which are simple and don’t hurt. Regular eye tests can help find problems early so they can be treated.

Checking Eye Pressure

Doctors start by measuring the pressure inside your eye. If the pressure is high, it could mean glaucoma. This test is quick and easy. Keeping eye pressure low is important for healthy eyes.

Testing Side Vision

Doctors also test how well you can see to the side, which is called your side vision. Glaucoma often affects this type of vision first, even before you notice it. This test can help find glaucoma early.

Looking At The Optic Nerve

The optic nerve is in the back of your eye and helps you see. Doctors look closely at this nerve to check if there is any damage. If there is, it can mean glaucoma is present or getting worse.

Measuring The Cornea

The cornea is the clear front part of your eye. Doctors measure it to learn more about your eye pressure. This information helps them decide the best way to care for your eyes.

These simple tests help doctors find glaucoma early. Regular eye tests can help keep your vision safe and healthy for a long time.

Ways To Manage Glaucoma

There are several ways to manage glaucoma. These treatments help lower the pressure in your eye, which can protect your vision.

Eye Drops

Eye drops are one of the most common forms of glaucoma medications. They help reduce the pressure in your eyes. You use them every day like you would take medicine. The drops help the fluid in your eyes drain better or make less fluid. This lowers the pressure and helps protect your optic nerve.

Laser Therapy

Laser treatment may be the primary therapy for glaucoma. The doctor uses a specific laser to help the fluid in your eyes drain better. This can lower the pressure in your eye. Laser surgery can work well if you have early or moderate glaucoma. It’s a quick procedure that doesn’t take long to recover from.

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGs)

MIGs is a newer type of surgery. It is less invasive, which means the cuts made during the surgery are smaller. MIGs is for advanced glaucoma that needs significant IOP reduction. It has a shorter recovery time and works well for many glaucoma patients. This surgical procedure helps drain fluid from your eye, which lowers its pressure.

Other Surgeries

Sometimes, doctors may use other surgeries to help with glaucoma. One way is by putting a tiny tube, called a shunt, in the eye. This tube is a glaucoma drainage device that helps drain fluid so the eye has less pressure. Lower pressure helps keep your vision in good condition.

What Affects The Success Of Glaucoma Surgery?

There are many things that can affect how well glaucoma surgery works. These include the type of glaucoma, your health, and the surgeon’s skill.

Type Of Glaucoma

The type of glaucoma you have can affect surgery. Some types of glaucoma are easier to treat than others.

Age And Health

Your age and health can affect how well you recover from surgery. People who are older or have other health conditions may take longer to heal.

Family History Of Glaucoma

If glaucoma runs in your family, you may have a higher risk of getting it. This doesn’t mean surgery will not work. But starting treatment early is important to increase your chances of success.

Surgeon’s Experience

The skill of your surgeon matters. A more experienced surgeon is likely to be better at surgical intervention. You should choose a surgeon who can do the surgery you need.

Post-Surgery Care

How you care for your eyes after surgery is important. Follow-up visits to the doctor will help make sure the surgery worked. If needed, your doctor may recommend more treatments.

What Is The Success Rate Of Glaucoma Surgery?

The success rate depends on the type of surgery. Some surgeries have a success rate of 70% to 90%, but others may have a different success rate.

Types Of Glaucoma

There are different types of glaucoma. Each type affects your eyes in a different way, but they all cause high pressure that can hurt your eye’s nerve. Let’s look at the main types.

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type. It happens slowly and often with unnoticeable pain. The fluid in your eye doesn’t drain, which causes the pressure to build up. Over time, this can damage your optic nerve. You may not notice any changes in your vision until the damage is there.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Angle-closure glaucoma happens when the space where fluid drains gets blocked. This causes a sudden rise in eye pressure. It can be very painful and lead to vision loss if not treated. Angle-closure glaucoma needs immediate attention from a doctor.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma

In normal-tension glaucoma, the pressure in the eye is not very high. But the optic nerve still gets damaged. Doctors are not sure why this happens, but it might be because of poor blood flow to the optic nerve.

Congenital Glaucoma

Congenital glaucoma happens in babies or young children. It has to do with a problem with the way the eye drains fluid. Babies with this glaucoma often have cloudy eyes, and their eyes may be larger than normal.

Secondary Glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma happens due to health problems, like an eye disease or medication. It happens when something else raises the pressure in the eye, leading to damage.

Risks Of Glaucoma Surgery

Like any surgical treatment, glaucoma surgery can have some risks for glaucoma patients. But most people recover well. It is important to understand the possible risks before having surgery.

Infection

After surgery, there is a small chance of infection. This can happen if bacteria get into your eye. Your doctor will give you instructions on how to care for your eye to help prevent infection.

Scarring

Sometimes, surgery can cause scarring. This can make it harder for the fluid in your eye to drain. If this happens, you may need more treatment to help your eye heal.

Low Or High Eye Pressure

After surgery, your eye pressure might go too low or too high. If the pressure is too low, it can make your eye hurt. If it’s too high, it could damage your optic nerve. Your doctor will check your pressure after surgery to make sure it stays at the right level.

Vision Changes

Sometimes, surgery can cause changes in your vision. These changes are usually temporary, but they can be upsetting. If you notice any problems with your vision, tell your doctor right away.

Need For More Treatment

In some cases, surgery may not lower the pressure enough. This means you might need more surgery or different medications to manage glaucoma.

Improving The Success Of Glaucoma Surgery

There are things you can do to help make glaucoma surgery more successful. Following your doctor’s advice and caring for your eyes can improve the results.

Regular Check-Ups

After surgery, it’s important to go to all your check-up appointments. Your doctor will check your eye’s pressure and see if everything is healing. These visits help your doctor catch any problems early.

Taking Medications As Directed

Even after surgery, you may need eye drops or other medicines. These help keep your eye pressure at the right level. Make sure to take your medicine exactly as your doctor tells you.

Healthy Lifestyle

Living a healthy life can help improve the success of your surgery. Eating well, staying active, and avoiding smoking can all help your eyes stay healthy. Drinking water and managing other health problems can also make a difference.

Protecting Your Eyes

After surgery, your eyes might be more sensitive. It’s important to protect them from injury and strain. Wear sunglasses when you go outside, and avoid rubbing your eyes. Follow any advice your doctor gives about how to care for your eyes during recovery.

Staying In Touch With Your Doctor

If you have any concerns or notice changes in your vision, let your doctor know right away. The sooner you address problems, the better your chances for a successful recovery.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is glaucoma surgery safe?

Glaucoma surgery may be okay, but there are risks involved. These risks include infection and scarring. So make sure you follow your doctor’s advice.

How long does it take to recover from glaucoma surgery?

Recovery time depends on the type of surgery. MIGS has a short recovery time, while other surgeries may take weeks or more to heal.

Can glaucoma surgery restore vision?

Glaucoma surgery can help prevent vision loss but cannot restore already-lost vision. Early treatment is the best way to protect your sight.

Is glaucoma treatment expensive?

The cost of glaucoma treatment depends on the type of treatment and where you go for care. Some treatments, like eye drops, can be affordable, while surgeries may cost more. Your doctor can help you understand what treatment works best for you.

Key Points To Remember

Glaucoma surgery can help lower eye pressure and protect your vision. The success of the surgery depends on many factors. These factors include the type of surgery, your health, and the surgeon’s skill. Following your doctor’s advice and attending follow-ups may improve your chances of success. If you have glaucoma, talk to your doctor about the best treatment for you.

Do you have questions about glaucoma or your eye health? We’re here in Melbourne to help! Call Armadale Eye Clinic today at (03) 9070 5753 to learn more about how we can keep your eyes healthy.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Healthdirect Australia 2022. Glaucoma. Healthdirect. Available at: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glaucoma [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Mayo Clinic Staff 2022. Glaucoma – Diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372846 [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Moore W 2022. What Is Open-Angle Glaucoma? WebMD. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/eye-open-angle-glaucoma [Accessed November 12, 2024]

NHS 2021. Glaucoma Treatment. NHS. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glaucoma/treatments/ [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Puig M MD 2021. Complications and Management of Glaucoma Filtering Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy. Medscape. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1207755-treatment [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Smith H 2024. What to Know About Early Signs of Glaucoma. Medical News Today. Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/early-signs-of-glaucoma [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Taylor M 2023. 11 Tips for Eating for Glaucoma. HealthCentral. Available at: https://www.healthcentral.com/slideshow/glaucoma-diet-nutrition-tips [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Can-Glaucoma-Be-Cured

Can Glaucoma Be Cured? Understanding the Condition And Its Management

December 3, 2024/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is a complex and multifaceted eye condition that poses significant risks to eye health, particularly in terms of vision loss. Understanding the nature of glaucoma, its cause, and the management options available is crucial for anyone affected by this condition. This article will explore the question, “Can glaucoma be cured?” explore the types of glaucoma, and discuss ways to manage the condition effectively.

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a cluster of eye diseases that impede the optic nerve, often due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Globally, this disorder is one of the main causes of irreversible vision loss. Clear vision relies on the health of the optic nerve, which transfers visual signals from the eye to the brain.

The damage caused by glaucoma is usually gradual, and many people may not notice symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred.

Can Glaucoma Be Cured?

Unfortunately, as it stands, there is currently no definitive cure for glaucoma. However, it can be managed to prevent further damage and maintain quality of life.

The main purpose of managing glaucoma is to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) to a safe level, thereby lowering the risk of optic nerve damage and vision loss.

Types Of Glaucoma

Understanding the different types of glaucoma can help individuals better comprehend their condition and treatment options. Here are the main types:

Open-Angle Glaucoma

The most typical type of glaucoma is primary open-angle glaucoma. It happens when the eye’s drainage pathways clog over time, raising intraocular pressure.

This type of glaucoma usually develops slowly and often goes unnoticed until significant damage occurs.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Angle-closure glaucoma, also called closed-angle glaucoma, is less common but more serious. It occurs when the eye’s drainage angle becomes blocked, leading to a sudden increase in eye pressure. Symptoms may involve severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and blurred vision, requiring urgent glaucoma treatment.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma

In normal-tension glaucoma, optic nerve damage happens despite normal eye pressure. The exact cause of this condition is not well understood but may involve inadequate blood flow to the optic nerve.

Congenital Glaucoma

Congenital glaucoma is another form of glaucoma that occurs in infants and young children due to abnormal drainage system development. Early detection and care are paramount to preventing vision loss.

Secondary Glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma can develop due to other health conditions, such as diabetes or cataracts, or as a side effect of certain medications. Managing the underlying condition is critical to controlling IOP.

High-Risk Factors For Developing Glaucoma

Understanding the risk factors for developing glaucoma can help in early detection and management. Common risk factors include:

Family History: A genetic predisposition may increase the likelihood of developing glaucoma.
Age: Individuals over the age of 60 are at higher risk.
Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, particularly those of African descent, may be more susceptible.
Eye Health Conditions: Previous eye injuries or conditions can contribute to glaucoma risk.
Other Health Conditions: Diabetes or hypertension may also increase risk.

Managing Glaucoma

While you cannot treat glaucoma fully, effective management is essential to prevent further vision loss. Here are several ways to handle and manage glaucoma:

Regular Eye Exams

Regular eye exams are required to detect glaucoma early. Comprehensive exams allow your ophthalmic surgeon to identify changes in eye pressure, assess optic nerve health, and monitor peripheral vision.

Early detection may lead to more effective management strategies, ensuring your eye health remains a priority.

Prescription Eye Drops

Prescription eye drops are a vital management option for lowering intraocular pressure. These topical medications must be administered daily to effectively manage glaucoma.

Based on the prescribed medication, you may need to apply a drop in the morning, at night, or even both.

Laser Treatments

Ophthalmic surgeons employ YAG laser iridotomy, a procedure that establishes a new drainage pathway for aqueous fluid.

This makes it especially beneficial for delaying or managing angle-closure glaucoma. Moreover, selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is utilised to improve fluid outflow in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)

For patients with open-angle glaucoma, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) offers a promising option.

Techniques like the iStent and Hydrus devices are designed to lower intraocular pressure with reduced risk and shorter recovery times than traditional surgery.

This approach focuses on preserving the eye’s natural structures while effectively managing glaucoma.

Ongoing Monitoring And Follow-Up

Managing glaucoma requires ongoing monitoring and follow-up appointments with your eye doctor.

Regular visual field tests can help assess any changes in peripheral vision, while intraocular pressure measurements ensure your treatment remains effective.

Managing Eye Pressure Through Lifestyle Choices

Making informed lifestyle choices can significantly support overall eye health and effectively manage glaucoma.

Incorporating the following suggestions into your day-to-day routine can contribute to maintaining optimal eye pressure:

Maintain A Healthy Diet:
- A balanced diet high in nutrients like fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids helps sustain good eye health.
- Antioxidant-rich foods, such as leafy greens (e.g., spinach and kale), berries, and almonds, can help counteract oxidative stress and promote ocular tissue health.
Stay Hydrated:
- Proper hydration is vital for overall health, including maintaining optimal eye function. Drinking enough water helps keep the body and eyes adequately hydrated.
- Aim to drink fluids steadily throughout the day rather than consuming large amounts at once, as this can temporarily increase intraocular pressure.
Exercise Regularly:
- Engaging in regular physical activity can improve circulation, enhance overall cardiovascular health, and support a healthy weight, all of which are beneficial for eye health.
- Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week, incorporating walking, swimming, or cycling activities.
Avoid Excessive Caffeine:
- While moderate caffeine consumption is generally safe, high caffeine intake may temporarily raise intraocular pressure, which could be a concern for individuals at risk of glaucoma.
- Limiting caffeine to one or two servings per day—whether in the form of coffee, tea, or energy drinks—can be a wise choice for those managing eye health.
Protect Your Eyes:
- Maintaining eye health requires shielding your eyes from damaging UV radiation. Sunglasses that completely block UVA and UVB rays can help protect your eyes from harm.
- Additionally, when engaging in potentially eye-harming activities like sports or home renovation work, think about donning protective eyewear.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it necessary to continue treatment for glaucoma?

Yes, ongoing eye care is vital for managing glaucoma. Regular follow-ups with your eye doctor, consistent prescription medication use, and lifestyle adjustments can help prevent further vision loss.

Can glaucoma cause blindness?

If not treated, glaucoma can cause blindness and irreversible vision loss. The preservation of vision depends on early detection and efficient treatment.

What are common myths about glaucoma?

Common myths about glaucoma include the belief that it only affects older adults or that it is caused by eye strain. In reality, glaucoma can occur at any age and is often asymptomatic in its early stages, emphasising the importance of regular eye exams for all ages.

What is the role of visual field tests in glaucoma management?

Visual field tests help assess peripheral vision and identify any changes related to glaucoma progression. Regular testing allows your eye doctor to monitor your condition and adjust treatment plans.

What are the risks related to glaucoma surgery?

While glaucoma surgery aims to lower intraocular pressure, like any surgical procedure, it has potential risks, including infection, bleeding, and vision changes. Your eye doctor will discuss these risks and the potential benefits before surgery.

Can cataract surgery affect glaucoma?

Cataract surgery can sometimes lower intraocular pressure, which may benefit glaucoma patients. In certain situations, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) can be performed alongside cataract surgery to help further reduce eye pressure.

Taking Charge Of Your Eye Health: A Recap On Glaucoma

While the question “Can glaucoma be cured?” leads to a disappointing answer, it is essential to recognise that effective management strategies exist.

With early detection, a comprehensive treatment plan, and ongoing monitoring, individuals with glaucoma can lead fulfilling lives while preserving their vision.

By prioritising eye health and staying informed about available options, those affected by glaucoma can navigate their journey with confidence and optimism.

Remember, proactive steps and open communication with your eye doctor are vital components of managing this condition. Your vision is worth protecting!

If you have concerns about glaucoma or your eye health, feel free to reach out to our experienced team in Melbourne. We’re here to provide personalised care and guidance tailored to your needs.

Contact Armadale Eye Clinic today at (03) 9070 5753 to learn more about how to handle glaucoma. Your vision matters, and we’re committed to helping you protect it!

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Biggerstaff K S 2024. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Medscape. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206147-overview [Accessed October 17, 2024]

Glaucoma Research Foundation. Glaucoma Risks – Understanding Risk Factors. Glaucoma Research Foundation. Available at: https://glaucoma.org/understanding-glaucoma/risks [Accessed October 17, 2024]

Lusby F W. 2022. Glaucoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001620.htm [Accessed October 17, 2024]

Ng J 2020. Lifestyle Changes After Glaucoma Surgery. Glaucoma Australia. Available at: https://glaucoma.org.au/news-details/lifestyle/lifestyle-changes-after-glaucoma-surgery [Accessed October 17, 2024]

NHS 2021. Glaucoma Treatment. NHS. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glaucoma/treatments/ [Accessed October 17, 2024]

Is Glaucoma Hereditary

Is Glaucoma Hereditary? Understanding Genetic Risks And Management Strategies

October 28, 2024/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is a serious ocular disease that can lead to vision loss if not managed adequately. As one of the fundamental causes of blindness worldwide, understanding glaucoma is essential for early detection and prevention, which begs the question, Is glaucoma hereditary?

This article delves into the hereditary aspects of glaucoma, various types of glaucoma, and modern management options, including topical eye drops, YAG laser iridotomy, SLT laser, and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).

By gaining a deeper understanding, you can take proactive steps towards safeguarding your eye health.

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an eye disorder that destroys the optic nerve, oftentimes due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

This pressure buildup can damage the delicate fibres of the optic nerve, leading to irreversible vision loss if left untackled.

But is glaucoma hereditary?

The answer is yes, in many cases. Family history plays a vital role in an individual’s risk of experiencing glaucoma.

Types Of Glaucoma

There are many types of glaucoma, each with its own unique characteristics.

Understanding these types can help in recognising the early signs and managing the condition effectively.

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Primary open-angle glaucoma is a common form.

It develops slowly over time as the eye’s drainage system becomes less optimal, increasing eye pressure.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Also known as primary angle-closure glaucoma or closed-angle glaucoma, this type occurs when the iris restricts the drainage angle in the eye.

This can lead to acute attacks, characterised by sudden eye pain, headaches, and blurred vision.

Congenital Glaucoma

Primary congenital glaucoma is present at birth and is caused by an error in the development of the eye’s drainage system.

There’s a risk that this condition can be passed down, especially in cases of early-onset glaucoma.

Secondary Glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma happens as a result of another eye condition or injury.

Inflammatory eye diseases, eye injuries, or medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure can increase the risk of developing glaucoma.

Is Glaucoma Hereditary? Glaucoma Risk Factors

When discussing whether glaucoma is hereditary, it’s important to recognise that genetic factors play a significant role.

Glaucoma hereditary patterns suggest that those with immediate family members who have glaucoma are at a greater risk of developing the condition.

Specific genes responsible for glaucoma have been identified, and these genetic mutations can increase a person’s risk of developing the disease.

A family history of glaucoma is considered one of the reasons someone may develop glaucoma, particularly in primary open-angle glaucoma and juvenile open-angle glaucoma.

Apart from genetics, other risk factors can increase your risk of experiencing open-angle glaucoma or developing angle-closure glaucoma.

These include age (older adults are at higher risk), ethnicity (people of African or Hispanic origin have a greater risk), and medical conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes.

Understanding these risk factors for glaucoma is crucial to fighting glaucoma and managing its progression.

Glaucoma Management Options

Managing glaucoma effectively involves early detection and a range of management options.

While glaucoma has no cure, various steps can help control intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risks.

Topical Eye Drops

Topical eye drops are oftentimes the first line of defence for managing glaucoma.

These eye drops work either by reducing the production of aqueous humour or increasing its drainage from the eye.

They lower eye pressure and help prevent further damage to the optic nerve.

Regular use of prescribed eye drops is essential to managing the condition properly.

YAG Laser Iridotomy

YAG laser iridotomy is a common procedure for managing angle-closure glaucoma.

It involves creating a small opening in the iris to improve the flow of aqueous humour and relieve pressure.

This procedure is particularly good at preventing acute attacks of angle-closure glaucoma.

Also, it is often recommended for those at higher risk of developing this condition.

SLT Laser (Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty)

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is another effective management for open-angle glaucoma.

SLT laser targets the eye’s drainage system, enhancing the outflow of fluid and reducing intraocular pressure.

It is a non-invasive procedure that can be repeated if necessary and is a popular choice for those who may not respond well to topical eye drops.

MIGS (Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery)

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) offers a less invasive option for managing glaucoma, particularly when combined with cataract surgery.

Two popular MIGS devices are the iStent and Hydrus.

These tiny devices are implanted into the eye’s drainage system, helping to improve fluid outflow and lower eye pressure.

MIGS procedures may be recommended for patients with mild-to-moderate glaucoma who are undergoing cataract surgery.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is glaucoma always hereditary?

No, while hereditary glaucoma is common, not everyone with glaucoma has a family history of the condition.

Other factors, like age, ethnicity, and certain medical conditions, also play a role in developing glaucoma.

Can glaucoma be cured?

You cannot treat glaucoma, but it can be managed with early detection and proper measures.

The goal is to mitigate further damage to the optic nerve and sustain vision.

How often should I get my eyes checked if glaucoma runs in my family?

If you have a family history of glaucoma, your skilled eye doctor should recommend a comprehensive eye exam.

Early detection is necessary when it comes to slowing down vision loss.

Are there lifestyle changes that may help prevent glaucoma?

Maintaining a good lifestyle, which includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and addressing medical issues such as high blood pressure, may help lower your chance of developing glaucoma.

Regular eye examinations may also be necessary for early detection.

What are the early glaucoma symptoms?

In many cases, glaucoma develops without noticeable symptoms.

However, some early signs include loss of peripheral vision, pain, headaches, and halos around lights.

Regular eye exams are key to detecting these early signs.

Wrapping Up: The Importance Of Early Detection And Management

Finding the answer to the common question, “Is glaucoma hereditary?” is essential for those with a family history of the condition.

While genetics play a significant role, other elements such as age, ethnicity, and medical conditions also contribute to the risk of developing glaucoma.

Early detection and proper management, including topical eye drops, YAG laser iridotomy, SLT laser, and MIGS, are crucial in preventing vision loss.

By staying aware and proactive, you can protect your eyes’ health and reduce the risk of glaucoma.

Contact Armadale Eye Clinic in Melbourne at (03) 9070 5753 to take the first step towards safeguarding your sight.

Our experienced team of eye specialists is here to provide personalised care and the current management options to help you maintain healthy eyes for life.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Biggerstaff, Kristin S. “Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG).” Medscape, 9 Jan. 2024, emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206147-overview. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

Heslep, Grant, MD. “Family History, Ethnicity Give Insights Into Glaucoma.” Mayo Clinic Health System, 24 Jan. 2024, www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/family-history-ethnicity-and-glaucoma. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

Pharm, Ratan-NM. “Types of Glaucoma.” News-Medical, 3 Feb. 2019, www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of Glaucoma.aspx. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

National Glaucoma Research. “Glaucoma: Facts and Figures.” BrightFocus Foundation, 14 July 2021, www.brightfocus.org/glaucoma/article/glaucoma-facts-figures. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

“Risk Factors for Glaucoma.” Glaucoma Australia, glaucoma.org.au/what-is-glaucoma/risk-factors-for-glaucoma. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

Winderl, Amy Marturana. “A Guide to Glaucoma Surgery.” Health, 25 Nov. 2023, www.health.com/condition/glaucoma/glaucoma-surgery. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

types of glaucoma

Your Simplified Guide To The Types Of Glaucoma, Its Signs, Causes, And Management Methods

September 5, 2024/0 Comments/in Retinal Surgery /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that can result in vision loss and blindness by damaging the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain. This damage often results from abnormally high pressure in the eye. Understanding the various types of glaucoma, recognising the signs, identifying causes, and knowing how to manage this condition are crucial for maintaining healthy vision.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma refers to a group of severe eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, a critical part of your vision pathway. The damage is oftentimes caused by increased pressure in the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP). However, glaucoma can occur even when IOP is within normal ranges. If left unmanaged, glaucoma can lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness.

Types Of Glaucoma

There are many types of glaucoma, each with distinct characteristics and implications for eye health. Understanding these differences is essential for early detection and effective management.

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Primary open-angle glaucoma is a prevalent type of glaucoma. It occurs when the drainage angle created by the cornea and iris stays open, but the trabecular meshwork is partially obstructed. This causes a gradual increase in eye pressure, leading to optic nerve damage.
Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Angle-closure glaucoma (also called closed- or narrow-angle glaucoma) occurs when the drainage angle created by the cornea and iris closes or is obstructed. This can occur suddenly (acute angle-closure glaucoma) or gradually (chronic angle-closure glaucoma). It is a medical emergency and necessitates immediate attention.
Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Also known as normotension or low-tension glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma occurs when optic nerve damage happens despite normal eye pressure. The exact reason is unknown, but it is believed that a susceptible optic nerve or reduced blood flow to the optic nerve might have a role.
Neovascular Glaucoma: Neovascular glaucoma develops when new, abnormal blood vessels grow on the eye’s iris and obstruct its drainage angle. This is often associated with other conditions, like diabetes.

Signs You Have Glaucoma

Recognising the signs of glaucoma early is paramount to preventing significant vision loss. Since glaucoma often progresses silently, awareness of its symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and effective management. Here are some common signs to watch for:

Gradual Peripheral Vision Loss

In the early stages, primary open-angle glaucoma often presents with a gradual loss of peripheral vision, also known as “tunnel vision.” This incremental narrowing of the visual field can go unnoticed for years, as the central vision remains unaffected until later stages. Routine eye exams are essential for detecting these early changes before significant damage has occurred. Individuals may initially experience difficulty navigating crowded areas or frequently bump into objects on the side.

Severe Eye Pain

Severe eye pain may be a tell-tale sign of acute angle-closure glaucoma, a condition that develops suddenly and constitutes a medical emergency. Other alarming symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision, often accompany this intense pain. Acute angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the eye’s drainage angle becomes entirely blocked, causing a rapid increase in intraocular pressure. Immediate management is paramount to control the possibility of permanent vision loss.

Blurred Vision

Blurred vision or seeing halos around lights can indicate increased intraocular pressure, a hallmark of glaucoma. These visual disturbances result from the optic nerve’s stress and damage, leading to a gradual decline in the quality of vision. Patients might notice difficulty focusing on objects, increased glare, and halos around lights, especially in low-light conditions. These symptoms warrant a comprehensive eye examination to rule out glaucoma and other ocular conditions.

Severe Headaches

Frequent and severe headaches, particularly when accompanied by eye pain, can be a sign of angle-closure glaucoma. The headaches are often intense and may be mistaken for migraines or other types of headache disorders. The pain usually originates around the eye and can extend to the forehead and temple area. Given the serious nature of angle-closure glaucoma, an eye care professional should promptly evaluate any recurrent headaches with associated eye symptoms.

Eye Redness

Redness in the eye, especially when paired with pain and blurred vision, can indicate acute angle-closure glaucoma or other serious eye conditions. This redness results from increased pressure and inflammation within the eye, leading to congested blood vessels. Patients may also experience a gritty sensation in the eyes and increased tearing. Persistent eye redness requires immediate medical attention to determine the underlying cause and initiate an appropriate course of action.

Nausea And Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting, when occurring alongside severe eye pain and blurred vision, can signal an acute angle-closure glaucoma attack. These systemic symptoms are caused by the sudden spike in intraocular pressure, which affects the body’s overall physiological response. The presence of these symptoms signifies a severe form of glaucoma that needs urgent medical intervention to lessen optic nerve damage and irreversible vision loss.

Tunnel Vision

Advanced glaucoma can cause tunnel vision, in which only the central vision remains intact and peripheral vision is lost. This symptom is typically associated with long-standing, untackled glaucoma and signifies significant optic nerve damage. Patients with tunnel vision may find it challenging to perform daily mundane tasks such as driving, reading, and recognising faces. This condition greatly reduces the quality of life and underscores the importance of early detection and continuous monitoring of glaucoma.

Visual Disturbances

Other visual disturbances, such as flickering or shadowy images, light sensitivity, and frequent changes in prescription glasses, can also be early indicators of glaucoma. These signs are often subtle and may be attributed to normal ageing or other benign conditions, but they should not be overlooked.

Increased Intraocular Pressure

While not a symptom the patient feels, increased intraocular pressure can be detected during routine eye examinations. Regular monitoring of eye pressure is crucial for individuals at risk of glaucoma or those with a family history of the condition. Elevated eye pressure, even without other symptoms, necessitates further evaluation and possible intervention to control optic nerve damage.

Blind Spots

The presence of blind spots, known as scotomas, in the visual field can also be a sign of glaucoma. These blind spots occur due to localised damage to the optic nerve fibres and can be detected through visual field testing. Early identification and management of scotomas are essential to preserving the remaining vision.

Chronic Eye Fatigue

Persistent eye fatigue or strain, particularly when it does not resolve with rest, can indicate underlying eye pressure issues. Patients may experience a constant feeling of tired eyes, difficulty focusing, and general discomfort, which can be signs of developing glaucoma.

Reasons You Have Glaucoma

Several factors may increase the risk of developing glaucoma. Understanding these reasons is crucial for early detection and effective management of symptoms. Here, we delve into the key elements contributing to the onset of this complex eye condition:

Elevated Eye Pressure

Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most significant risk factor for glaucoma, particularly for primary open-angle glaucoma. Elevated eye pressure results from the imbalance between the production and drainage of aqueous humour, the fluid within the eye. When this fluid fails to drain properly through the trabecular meshwork, it leads to pressure buildup. Prolonged elevated IOP exerts stress on the optic nerve, causing damage and subsequent vision loss. Regular eye exams are crucial for tracking eye pressure and detecting early signs of glaucoma.

Family History

A family history of glaucoma significantly increases the risk of developing the condition. Genetics play a crucial role in glaucoma, with specific genes linked to the disease. If you have close relatives, such as parents or siblings, diagnosed with glaucoma, your likelihood of developing the condition increases. Genetic predisposition underscores the importance of regular screenings for individuals with a family history of glaucoma, enabling early detection and intervention.

Age

The likelihood of glaucoma increases with age, especially for those over 60. As we age, the structures within the eye, including the drainage angle and optic nerve, undergo changes that may predispose individuals to higher intraocular pressure and optic nerve vulnerability. Age-related changes in the eye’s anatomy and physiological functions contribute to the higher prevalence of glaucoma among older adults. Regular eye examinations become increasingly vital as one ages to detect glaucoma in its early stages and slow down vision loss.

Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions are thought to be associated with an increased likelihood of glaucoma. Diabetes, for instance, can cause diabetic retinopathy, leading to changes in blood vessels and increased eye pressure. High blood pressure and heart disease can also impact blood flow to the optic nerve, increasing the chances of developing glaucoma. Conditions like migraine and myopia (nearsightedness) are linked to higher susceptibility. Managing these underlying conditions through appropriate medical care can help mitigate the risk of glaucoma.

Eye Injuries

Previous eye injuries can lead to secondary glaucoma, a form of glaucoma resulting from damage to the eye. Traumatic events, such as blunt force injuries, penetrating eye injuries, or chemical burns, can disrupt the eye’s drainage system, resulting in increased intraocular pressure. Additionally, eye surgeries and inflammatory conditions like uveitis can cause secondary glaucoma. Individuals with a history of eye injuries should have regular check-ups to monitor for potential glaucoma development.

Prolonged Use Of Steroids

Long-term use of steroid medications, including eye drops, oral steroids, and inhalers, can increase the risk of developing steroid-induced glaucoma. Steroids can elevate intraocular pressure by affecting the eye’s drainage system. Patients on prolonged steroid therapy should have their eye pressure monitored regularly to detect any changes and adjust their management plan accordingly. Reducing or modifying steroid use under medical supervision can help manage this risk.

Ethnic Background

Certain ethnic backgrounds have a higher likelihood of developing specific types of glaucoma. For instance, African populations are more prone to primary open-angle glaucoma, which tends to develop at an earlier age and progress more rapidly and even angle-closure glaucoma. Understanding these ethnic predispositions highlights the need for targeted screening and awareness campaigns in high-risk communities.

High Myopia (Nearsightedness)

High myopia is associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma. The elongated shape of a highly myopic eye can affect the drainage of aqueous humour, leading to elevated intraocular pressure. Patients with high myopia should have regular eye exams to monitor for signs of glaucoma and take necessary measures.

Thin Corneas

Individuals with thinner central corneal thickness are at a higher risk of glaucoma. Thin corneas can lead to an underestimation of intraocular pressure readings, potentially delaying the diagnosis of glaucoma. Corneal thickness measurement is an important part of glaucoma risk assessment.

Can Glaucoma Be Cured? Understanding The Chronic Nature Of Glaucoma

The term “cure” implies the complete eradication of a disease, but unfortunately, there is no glaucoma treatment in the traditional sense. The damage caused by any type of glaucoma to the optic nerve and the resultant vision loss are permanent. However, with early detection and proper management methods, the progression of the disease may be slowed or halted, preserving the remaining vision.

Strategies For Managing Glaucoma

Managing glaucoma effectively involves regular monitoring and treatment of symptoms to reduce IOP and optic nerve damage. While there are studies going on to see if precision medicine can be used to reduce instances of blindness, these are the current common strategies:

Licenced Eye Drops: Eye drops are often the first line of management option for glaucoma. They work by lessening the production of aqueous fluid or increasing its outflow from the eye.
Medication: Oral medications may be prescribed to reduce intraocular pressure.
Laser Treatment: Laser treatments, such as Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT), can help improve the drainage of aqueous fluid and reduce eye pressure.
Glaucoma Surgery: When medications and laser treatments are insufficient to control intraocular pressure, surgery may be recommended to manage glaucoma effectively. There are several surgical options available, including:
- Filtering/Trabeculectomy: Filtering or trabeculectomy surgery involves creating a new drainage channel to allow the aqueous fluid to drain out of the eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
- Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS): MIGS offers less-invasive alternatives to traditional surgeries. These procedures aim to enhance the eye’s natural drainage system. Examples include iStent and Hydrus Microstent, small devices implanted to improve fluid outflow. For certain cases, MIGS procedures, including iStent and Hydrus, can be combined with cataract surgery. This combined approach addresses both conditions simultaneously, offering patients potential benefits regarding convenience and outcomes. Each surgical option is tailored to the individual patient’s needs and the specific characteristics of their glaucoma. Your eye care specialist will discuss these options and recommend the most suitable management plan based on your condition and overall eye health.
Regular Eye Examinations: Regular eye tests are crucial for detecting glaucoma early and monitoring its progression.
Healthy Lifestyle: keeping a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet and doing regular workouts, can help manage overall health and reduce glaucoma risk factors.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the early signs of glaucoma?

Early signs of glaucoma include accumulative loss of peripheral vision, blurry vision, and seeing halos around lights. Eye examinations are crucial for early detection.

How is glaucoma diagnosed?

Diagnosing glaucoma entails a comprehensive eye exam, including measuring eye pressure, inspecting the drainage angle, and assessing optic nerve health.

What should I do if I have symptoms of acute angle-closure glaucoma?

If you experience symptoms that can be similar to those of glaucoma, like severe eye pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision, seek prompt medical attention as it is a medical emergency.

What is the prognosis for individuals with glaucoma?

The prognosis for individuals with glaucoma varies depending on the type and severity of the disease and how early it is diagnosed and addressed. With early detection and proper management, many people with glaucoma can maintain good vision and control significant vision loss. Regular follow-up sessions with an eye care professional are essential for tracking the condition and adjusting the plan as needed.

Closing Remarks: Sustaining Vision Through Glaucoma Management

Understanding the types of glaucoma, recognising the signs, identifying the reasons, and knowing how to manage this condition can help preserve vision and slow down, if not prevent, significant vision loss. Comprehensive eye exams, early detection, and appropriate management plans are key to managing glaucoma effectively.

If you suspect you have glaucoma or are at higher risk, take proactive steps to help maintain your eye health and vision. By staying informed and vigilant, you can manage glaucoma and enjoy a high quality of life.

Take the first step towards preserving your vision. Call Armadale Eye Clinic in Armadale at (03) 9070 5753 to learn more about how we can help you manage glaucoma.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Bsn, Heather Smith Rn. “What to Know About Early Signs of Glaucoma.” Medical News Today, 17 Apr. 2024, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/early-signs-of-glaucoma. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Glaucoma UK. “MIGS | Minimally Invasive Surgery.” Glaucoma UK, glaucoma.uk/about-glaucoma/treatments-surgery/migs. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Healthdirect Australia. “Glaucoma.” Healthdirect, www.healthdirect.gov.au/glaucoma. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Iftikhar, Noreen, MD. “Glaucoma Surgery: Types, Complications, and Recovery.” Healthline, 2 Sept. 2022, www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/what-types-of-glaucoma-surgery-are-there. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Jackson, Andrew. “African Descent and Glaucoma: Unraveling the Genetics Putting a Community at Higher Risk – Glaucoma Research.” Glaucoma Research Foundation, 6 Feb. 2023, glaucoma.org/articles/african-descent-and-glaucoma-unraveling-the-genetics-putting-a-community-at-higher-risk. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Mayo Clinic Staff. “Glaucoma – Symptoms and Causes.” Mayo Clinic, 30 Sept. 2022, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372839. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Moroi, Sayoko E., et al. “Precision Medicine to Prevent Glaucoma-related Blindness.” Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, With Evaluated MEDLINE/Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol. 30, no. 3, May 2019, pp. 187–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/icu.0000000000000564.