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Does Glaucoma Cause Blindness

Does Glaucoma Cause Blindness? Everything You Need To Know

April 4, 2025/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is said to take away your vision slowly because of its damage to the optic nerve, which is important for seeing clearly. But does glaucoma cause blindness?

In this article, you’ll learn how glaucoma affects your eyes, the different types of glaucoma, and what treatments are available. You’ll also discover steps you can take to protect your eyesight.

Does Glaucoma Cause Blindness?

Glaucoma harms the optic nerve, which helps your eyes send pictures to your brain. This damage often happens when eye pressure gets too high. The eye makes a clear fluid called aqueous humour, which usually drains out naturally.

But if this fluid does not drain properly, pressure builds up and eventually impairs the optic nerve. Over time, this might lead to permanent vision loss.

The Role Of Eye Pressure

Your eyes need normal pressure to keep their shape and work properly. But if the pressure inside the eye, called intraocular pressure (IOP), gets too high, it can press on the optic nerve and cause damage.

Some people can even develop glaucoma without high eye pressure. That’s why regular eye check-ups are so important!

Types Of Glaucoma And Their Impact On Vision

Glaucoma comes in different types, and each one affects your vision in its own way. Some types develop slowly and painlessly, while others appear suddenly and need quick treatment. Understanding the differences will help you know the amount of risk and take steps to protect your eyesight.

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)

This is a common type of glaucoma that occurs when the eye’s drainage angle becomes less efficient, causing pressure to build up.

It develops slowly and may not show any early signs.
Over time, it can cause peripheral vision loss (side vision).
Without treatment, blind spots may develop, leading to permanent vision loss.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma (ACG)

This type happens when the drainage angle suddenly closes, causing a quick rise in eye pressure. It can happen fast and needs emergency care.

Acute angle-closure glaucoma can cause bad eye pain, blurred vision, and nausea.
Chronic angle-closure glaucoma develops slowly but still damages the optic nerve over time.
If not managed, it can lead to vision loss.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG)

This type of glaucoma can damage the optic nerve, even when eye pressure is normal. The exact cause isn’t clear, but it might be because of poor blood flow to the optic nerve.

Vision loss happens slowly, making it hard to notice at first.
Regular eye exams are the way to catch it early.

Congenital Glaucoma

This less common type of glaucoma is present at birth. It happens when a baby’s eye fluid doesn’t drain properly.

Babies may have cloudy eyes, sensitivity to light, and excessive tearing.
If unmanaged, it can lead to blind spots, blurred vision, or permanent vision loss.
Early treatment can help protect the child’s eyesight.

Recognising The Symptoms Of Glaucoma

Glaucoma can be hard to notice at first because it often develops slowly and without pain. Many people don’t realise they have it until their vision starts changing. That’s why regular eye check-ups are so important!

As glaucoma gets worse, you may start to notice changes in your vision. Some signs to look out for include:

Changes In Peripheral Vision

One of the early signs of glaucoma is losing side vision. This can happen so slowly that you may not realise it at first.

At first, you may not notice small gaps in your side vision.
Over time, your vision may feel narrower, like you’re looking through a tunnel.
This can make it hard to see objects to the side while walking or driving.

Blurred Vision

Glaucoma can also make your vision blurry or foggy, making it harder to see clearly.

You might find it hard to focus on objects, especially up close.
Things may look foggy or unclear, even when wearing glasses.

Blind Spots

As the optic nerve gets damaged, you may notice dark spots in your vision.

Small dark or missing areas in your vision may appear.
These blind spots can grow, making it harder to see clearly.

Severe Eye Pain (Especially With AACG)

Some types of glaucoma, like acute angle-closure glaucoma, can cause sudden and intense eye pain. This is a medical emergency.

The pain may be severe and sharp.
It may come with nausea, vomiting, and headaches.
If you experience this, seek medical help immediately.

Vision Changes In Dim Lighting

If glaucoma progresses, you may struggle to see in low light or adjust to darkness.

Walking in a dark room may feel difficult.
Night driving may become more challenging.

Eye Redness And Discomfort

Your eyes may feel irritated or uncomfortable, especially as the pressure inside the eye increases.

Your eyes may look red or irritated.
They may feel sensitive to light.

How Is Glaucoma Diagnosed?

Glaucoma does not always cause early symptoms, so regular eye exams are necessary to catch it early. An eye doctor will look for signs of glaucoma before you even notice any vision changes.

To diagnose glaucoma, your eye doctor will perform a comprehensive dilated eye exam. This allows them to take a close look at your optic nerve, eye pressure, and vision. Here are some common tests they may use:

Visual Field Test

Glaucoma might cause blind spots in your vision, often without you realising it. A visual field test helps the doctor check if you have any missing areas in your sight.

You will be asked to focus on a target while responding to light signals.
This test maps out your field of vision to detect any changes.

Measuring Eye Pressure

Since eye pressure plays a big role in glaucoma, your doctor will check if it is within a healthy range.

This test helps determine if extra eye pressure may affect the optic nerve.
There are different ways to measure eye pressure, and your doctor will use the most suitable method.

Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT)

The optic nerve delivers visual information to your brain. Glaucoma can damage this nerve, so your doctor will examine it carefully.

OCT helps check for any signs of damage.
Tracking changes in this nerve over time can help with early detection.

Checking The Eye’s Drainage System

For some people, fluid inside the eye does not drain properly, which can raise pressure levels.

Your doctor may assess how well fluid drains from your eye.
If needed, treatment options can help improve fluid flow.

Treatment Options For Glaucoma

Glaucoma can’t be cured, but early management can help slow down vision loss. The goal of management is to lower IOP and protect the optic nerve from further damage. Your eye doctor will suggest the best possible option based on your type of glaucoma, eye pressure levels, and eye health.

Eye Drops

Eye drops are often the first step in managing glaucoma. They help lower eye pressure by improving how fluid drains from the eye or reducing the amount of fluid it produces.

Eye drops must be used every day as prescribed.
They help control the pressure inside the eye to prevent further damage.
It’s important to use eye drops properly to get the best possible results.
Your doctor may adjust the type or dosage if needed.

Many people use glaucoma eye drops long-term to help manage their condition and keep their vision stable.

Laser Treatment

Laser therapy can help fluid flow more easily from the eye, reducing pressure levels. It is often recommended if eye drops aren’t enough to control the condition.

This is a comfortable procedure performed by an eye doctor.
It helps open the drainage angle to improve fluid flow.
It may reduce or end the need for eye drops in some cases.
Different types of laser treatments are available depending on the type of glaucoma. Some common laser treatments include:
- Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT laser): often used for open-angle glaucoma to improve drainage.
- YAG Laser Iridotomy: typically used for angle-closure glaucoma to create a small opening in the iris, allowing better fluid movement.

Laser therapy is an effective option for many people, but results can vary. Some individuals may need extra treatments over time to maintain healthy eye pressure.

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries (MIGS)

Surgical procedures may be suggested for some individuals to help lower IOP and protect vision. MIGS, like iStent and Hydrus, offer faster recovery than traditional surgeries.

These procedures help fluid drain more efficiently from the eye.
They can often be performed alongside cataract surgery.
They may reduce the need for long-term medication.
Your eye doctor will discuss which surgical options may be suitable for you.

Preventing Glaucoma And Further Vision Loss

Taking care of your eyes and health can lower your risk. Here are some ways you can protect your vision:

Get regular eye exams to detect glaucoma early.
Keep high blood pressure and other health issues under control.
Wear safety glasses to prevent an eye injury.
Stick to a good lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, exercising, and avoiding smoking.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who is at higher risk of developing glaucoma?

Some people may have a higher risk of glaucoma if they:

Have a family history of glaucoma
Are over 40 years old
Have high eye pressure
Have high blood pressure or diabetes
Have experienced an eye injury

Can glaucoma cause headaches?

Yes, glaucoma can cause headaches. This happens when eye pressure gets too high. It is more common with acute angle-closure glaucoma. But if you have open-angle glaucoma, you may not get headaches.

Can wearing glasses or contact lenses prevent glaucoma?

No, glasses and contact lenses help you see clearly, but they do not stop glaucoma. The best way to protect your vision is to get regular eye check-ups.

Conclusion

Glaucoma is a serious eye disease that can lead to vision loss if not detected and managed early. Yet, there are ways to protect your eyesight.

Getting regular eye check-ups, following your treatment plan, and knowing your risk factors can help you take care of your vision.

Your vision is important. If you have questions about glaucoma or want to check your eye health, we’re here in Melbourne to help.

Book an eye exam today and take a step towards protecting your sight. Contact Armadale Eye Clinic today at (03) 9070 5753 to schedule your appointment!

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources

Biggerstaff K S 2024. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology Dersu I Irak, editor. Medscape. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206147-overview [Accessed February 7, 2025]

George R, Panda S & Vijaya L 2021. Blindness in Glaucoma: Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Versus Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma—a Meta-Analysis. Eye 36, 2099–2105. 10.1038/s41433-021-01802-9

Reddy N 2024. Laser Surgery for Glaucoma: How It Works and What to Expect. GoodRx. Available at: https://www.goodrx.com/conditions/glaucoma/glaucoma-surgery [Accessed February 7, 2025]

Smith H 2024. What to Know About Early Signs of Glaucoma. Medical News Today. Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/early-signs-of-glaucoma [Accessed February 7, 2025]

Taylor M 2023. 11 Tips for Eating for Glaucoma. HealthCentral. Available at: https://www.healthcentral.com/slideshow/glaucoma-diet-nutrition-tips [Accessed February 7, 2025]

Ocular Hypertension Vs Glaucoma

Ocular Hypertension Vs. Glaucoma: Key Differences To Know

February 19, 2025/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Taking care of your eyes is important. Sometimes, the pressure inside your eyes can be too high, and this can cause problems. This article talks about ocular hypertension vs. glaucoma. Let’s learn about these two conditions and how they can be addressed.

What Is Ocular Hypertension?

Ocular hypertension happens when the pressure inside your eye is too high. Your eye has a fluid called aqueous humour that helps keep it healthy. If this fluid doesn’t drain properly, it can build up and raise the pressure in your eye.

Even though the pressure is high, it doesn’t hurt the eye’s optic nerve right away. But if you’re one of the untreated ocular hypertension patients, you may get glaucoma. That’s why getting ocular hypertension treated is necessary.

Most people with ocular hypertension don’t notice any changes in their vision. That’s why it’s really important to visit the eye doctor to have your eye pressure checked.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a disease that can hurt the optic nerve in your eye. It is often caused by high intraocular pressure, just like ocular hypertension.

If glaucoma is not treated, it can make you lose your vision. The good news is, if doctors find it early, treatment can help stop it from getting worse.

Types Of Glaucoma

There are different types of glaucoma, and they can affect your eyes in different ways. Let’s learn about the most common types:

Open-Angle Glaucoma

Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type. It happens when the eye’s drainage system works slowly, and the fluid in the eye can’t drain properly. This causes elevated eye pressure. Developing glaucoma of this kind may be gradual, so you might not notice any changes in your vision at first. That’s why it’s important to get regular eye exams to catch it early.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Angle-closure glaucoma is another common type, but it can be more serious. It happens when the drainage angle in the eye is blocked or narrow, causing the pressure to rise quickly. This can cause sudden symptoms like a headache, blurry vision, and eye pain. If you notice these signs, you should see your eye doctor right away.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma

In this glaucoma, people have normal eye pressure. Yet, the optic nerve still gets damaged. The cause of this is not understood, but it can happen when there is insufficient blood flow to the optic nerve. People with normal-tension glaucoma may not notice symptoms. So it’s important to see an eye doctor.

Congenital Glaucoma

Congenital glaucoma is a type of glaucoma that babies are born with. It happens when the drainage system in the eye doesn’t develop properly. If it’s not treated, it can damage the optic nerve and affect the baby’s vision. Babies with congenital glaucoma may have cloudy eyes or trouble seeing.

Secondary Glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma happens when another eye problem raises eye pressure. For example, an eye injury or infection can cause secondary glaucoma. Certain medicines, like steroids, can also increase the risk of secondary glaucoma.

Although each type of glaucoma is different, all can damage the optic nerve. It’s important to visit your doctor to check for signs of glaucoma, especially if you have a family history. Early detection may help protect your vision.

Ocular Hypertension Vs. Glaucoma: What’s The Difference?

In ocular hypertension, the pressure in the eye is high, but there’s no damage to the optic nerve yet. In glaucoma, the optic nerve damage is there because of the high pressure.

What Are The Symptoms?

People with ocular hypertension usually don’t feel anything. It’s called a “silent” condition because no obvious signs exist. That’s why it’s important to see the eye doctor.

Glaucoma, on the other hand, may start with blurry vision or seeing halos around lights. You might not notice it at first, but you could start losing side (peripheral) vision over time. If you notice any changes in your vision, it’s important to see your eye doctor.

Risk Factors For Ocular Hypertension And Glaucoma

Certain things can put you at risk of developing glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Some of these are:

Family History: If someone in your family has had glaucoma, this is a risk factor.
Age: People over 40 are more likely to develop these conditions.
High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure can increase the chances of eye problems.
Eye Injuries: Any injury to the eye can affect the pressure inside it.
Ethnicity: Those of African or Asian descent are at higher risk for glaucoma.

If you have any of these risk factors, it’s even more important to see your eye doctor for regular check-ups.

How Is Ocular Hypertension Diagnosed?

Ocular hypertension is usually found during a routine eye exam. Your eye doctor will use tonometry to measure the pressure in your eyes. They will also check the optic nerve to make sure it’s healthy.

How Is Glaucoma Diagnosed?

If your eye doctor thinks you may have glaucoma, they will do several tests. These might include:

Tonometry: To check the pressure in your eye.
Visual field test: To look at your side vision.
Eye exam: To check the nerve in your eye and see if there is any damage.

Treatment For Glaucoma

The goal is to lower the eye pressure and stop further harm to the optic nerve. Some of the treatments for glaucoma include:

Eye drops: These are used to lower eye pressure.
Laser Surgery: This can help open the drainage angle or make the drainage system work better.
Surgery: In some cases, surgery might be needed to create a new drainage path for the fluid.

Success Of Glaucoma Surgery

Glaucoma surgery can help lower eye pressure and stop more damage to the optic nerve. While the surgery can’t fix the damage that has already happened, it can prevent further vision loss. It’s important to keep seeing your eye doctor regularly to make sure the treatment is working.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is glaucoma surgery safe?

Glaucoma surgery can help lower eye pressure, but like any surgery, it has some risks. There may be problems like infection, bleeding, or changes in vision, but these are not so common.

Your doctor will talk to you and help you understand them. It’s important to follow your doctor’s advice before and after surgery to make sure everything goes well.

How often should I get my eyes checked?

It’s important to have regular eye exams if you are at risk for glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Your doctor will determine when to get checked based on age, family history, and health.

What happens if glaucoma is not treated?

If glaucoma is not treated, the pressure can hurt the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. That’s why early detection and treatment are important to protect your vision.

Can stress affect eye pressure?

Yes, stress can temporarily raise eye pressure. But it usually goes back to normal once the stress is reduced. Chronic stress may have other effects on health. So it’s always a good idea to manage stress and have regular check-ups to keep your eye pressure in check.

Key Takeaways

Taking care of your eyes is important to keep your vision healthy. Understanding the difference between ocular hypertension and glaucoma can help protect your eyes. If you have regular eye exams, follow your doctor’s advice and care for your health. This way, you can help keep your eyes and vision in great shape!

If you’re worried about ocular hypertension or glaucoma, we’re here in Melbourne. Early checks can help keep your eyes healthy.

Call Armadale Eye Clinic today at (03) 9070 5753 to make sure your vision stays strong and clear!

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Biggerstaff K S 2024. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Medscape. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206147-overview [Accessed November 13, 2024]

Boyd K 2024. What Is Ocular Hypertension? American Academy of Ophthalmology. Available at: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-ocular-hypertension [Accessed November 13, 2024]

Glaucoma Australia. Risk Factors for Glaucoma. Glaucoma Australia. Available at: https://glaucoma.org.au/what-is-glaucoma/risk-factors-for-glaucoma [Accessed November 13, 2024]

Healthdirect Australia 2022. Glaucoma. Healthdirect. Available at: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glaucoma [Accessed November 13, 2024]

Mayo Clinic Staff 2022. Glaucoma – Diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372846 [Accessed November 13, 2024]

NHS 2021. Glaucoma Treatment. NHS. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glaucoma/treatments/[Accessed November 13, 2024]

Can-Glaucoma-Be-Cured

Can Glaucoma Be Cured? Understanding the Condition And Its Management

December 3, 2024/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is a complex and multifaceted eye condition that poses significant risks to eye health, particularly in terms of vision loss. Understanding the nature of glaucoma, its cause, and the management options available is crucial for anyone affected by this condition. This article will explore the question, “Can glaucoma be cured?” explore the types of glaucoma, and discuss ways to manage the condition effectively.

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a cluster of eye diseases that impede the optic nerve, often due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Globally, this disorder is one of the main causes of irreversible vision loss. Clear vision relies on the health of the optic nerve, which transfers visual signals from the eye to the brain.

The damage caused by glaucoma is usually gradual, and many people may not notice symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred.

Can Glaucoma Be Cured?

Unfortunately, as it stands, there is currently no definitive cure for glaucoma. However, it can be managed to prevent further damage and maintain quality of life.

The main purpose of managing glaucoma is to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) to a safe level, thereby lowering the risk of optic nerve damage and vision loss.

Types Of Glaucoma

Understanding the different types of glaucoma can help individuals better comprehend their condition and treatment options. Here are the main types:

Open-Angle Glaucoma

The most typical type of glaucoma is primary open-angle glaucoma. It happens when the eye’s drainage pathways clog over time, raising intraocular pressure.

This type of glaucoma usually develops slowly and often goes unnoticed until significant damage occurs.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Angle-closure glaucoma, also called closed-angle glaucoma, is less common but more serious. It occurs when the eye’s drainage angle becomes blocked, leading to a sudden increase in eye pressure. Symptoms may involve severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and blurred vision, requiring urgent glaucoma treatment.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma

In normal-tension glaucoma, optic nerve damage happens despite normal eye pressure. The exact cause of this condition is not well understood but may involve inadequate blood flow to the optic nerve.

Congenital Glaucoma

Congenital glaucoma is another form of glaucoma that occurs in infants and young children due to abnormal drainage system development. Early detection and care are paramount to preventing vision loss.

Secondary Glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma can develop due to other health conditions, such as diabetes or cataracts, or as a side effect of certain medications. Managing the underlying condition is critical to controlling IOP.

High-Risk Factors For Developing Glaucoma

Understanding the risk factors for developing glaucoma can help in early detection and management. Common risk factors include:

Family History: A genetic predisposition may increase the likelihood of developing glaucoma.
Age: Individuals over the age of 60 are at higher risk.
Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, particularly those of African descent, may be more susceptible.
Eye Health Conditions: Previous eye injuries or conditions can contribute to glaucoma risk.
Other Health Conditions: Diabetes or hypertension may also increase risk.

Managing Glaucoma

While you cannot treat glaucoma fully, effective management is essential to prevent further vision loss. Here are several ways to handle and manage glaucoma:

Regular Eye Exams

Regular eye exams are required to detect glaucoma early. Comprehensive exams allow your ophthalmic surgeon to identify changes in eye pressure, assess optic nerve health, and monitor peripheral vision.

Early detection may lead to more effective management strategies, ensuring your eye health remains a priority.

Prescription Eye Drops

Prescription eye drops are a vital management option for lowering intraocular pressure. These topical medications must be administered daily to effectively manage glaucoma.

Based on the prescribed medication, you may need to apply a drop in the morning, at night, or even both.

Laser Treatments

Ophthalmic surgeons employ YAG laser iridotomy, a procedure that establishes a new drainage pathway for aqueous fluid.

This makes it especially beneficial for delaying or managing angle-closure glaucoma. Moreover, selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is utilised to improve fluid outflow in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)

For patients with open-angle glaucoma, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) offers a promising option.

Techniques like the iStent and Hydrus devices are designed to lower intraocular pressure with reduced risk and shorter recovery times than traditional surgery.

This approach focuses on preserving the eye’s natural structures while effectively managing glaucoma.

Ongoing Monitoring And Follow-Up

Managing glaucoma requires ongoing monitoring and follow-up appointments with your eye doctor.

Regular visual field tests can help assess any changes in peripheral vision, while intraocular pressure measurements ensure your treatment remains effective.

Managing Eye Pressure Through Lifestyle Choices

Making informed lifestyle choices can significantly support overall eye health and effectively manage glaucoma.

Incorporating the following suggestions into your day-to-day routine can contribute to maintaining optimal eye pressure:

Maintain A Healthy Diet:
- A balanced diet high in nutrients like fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids helps sustain good eye health.
- Antioxidant-rich foods, such as leafy greens (e.g., spinach and kale), berries, and almonds, can help counteract oxidative stress and promote ocular tissue health.
Stay Hydrated:
- Proper hydration is vital for overall health, including maintaining optimal eye function. Drinking enough water helps keep the body and eyes adequately hydrated.
- Aim to drink fluids steadily throughout the day rather than consuming large amounts at once, as this can temporarily increase intraocular pressure.
Exercise Regularly:
- Engaging in regular physical activity can improve circulation, enhance overall cardiovascular health, and support a healthy weight, all of which are beneficial for eye health.
- Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week, incorporating walking, swimming, or cycling activities.
Avoid Excessive Caffeine:
- While moderate caffeine consumption is generally safe, high caffeine intake may temporarily raise intraocular pressure, which could be a concern for individuals at risk of glaucoma.
- Limiting caffeine to one or two servings per day—whether in the form of coffee, tea, or energy drinks—can be a wise choice for those managing eye health.
Protect Your Eyes:
- Maintaining eye health requires shielding your eyes from damaging UV radiation. Sunglasses that completely block UVA and UVB rays can help protect your eyes from harm.
- Additionally, when engaging in potentially eye-harming activities like sports or home renovation work, think about donning protective eyewear.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it necessary to continue treatment for glaucoma?

Yes, ongoing eye care is vital for managing glaucoma. Regular follow-ups with your eye doctor, consistent prescription medication use, and lifestyle adjustments can help prevent further vision loss.

Can glaucoma cause blindness?

If not treated, glaucoma can cause blindness and irreversible vision loss. The preservation of vision depends on early detection and efficient treatment.

What are common myths about glaucoma?

Common myths about glaucoma include the belief that it only affects older adults or that it is caused by eye strain. In reality, glaucoma can occur at any age and is often asymptomatic in its early stages, emphasising the importance of regular eye exams for all ages.

What is the role of visual field tests in glaucoma management?

Visual field tests help assess peripheral vision and identify any changes related to glaucoma progression. Regular testing allows your eye doctor to monitor your condition and adjust treatment plans.

What are the risks related to glaucoma surgery?

While glaucoma surgery aims to lower intraocular pressure, like any surgical procedure, it has potential risks, including infection, bleeding, and vision changes. Your eye doctor will discuss these risks and the potential benefits before surgery.

Can cataract surgery affect glaucoma?

Cataract surgery can sometimes lower intraocular pressure, which may benefit glaucoma patients. In certain situations, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) can be performed alongside cataract surgery to help further reduce eye pressure.

Taking Charge Of Your Eye Health: A Recap On Glaucoma

While the question “Can glaucoma be cured?” leads to a disappointing answer, it is essential to recognise that effective management strategies exist.

With early detection, a comprehensive treatment plan, and ongoing monitoring, individuals with glaucoma can lead fulfilling lives while preserving their vision.

By prioritising eye health and staying informed about available options, those affected by glaucoma can navigate their journey with confidence and optimism.

Remember, proactive steps and open communication with your eye doctor are vital components of managing this condition. Your vision is worth protecting!

If you have concerns about glaucoma or your eye health, feel free to reach out to our experienced team in Melbourne. We’re here to provide personalised care and guidance tailored to your needs.

Contact Armadale Eye Clinic today at (03) 9070 5753 to learn more about how to handle glaucoma. Your vision matters, and we’re committed to helping you protect it!

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Biggerstaff K S 2024. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Medscape. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206147-overview [Accessed October 17, 2024]

Glaucoma Research Foundation. Glaucoma Risks – Understanding Risk Factors. Glaucoma Research Foundation. Available at: https://glaucoma.org/understanding-glaucoma/risks [Accessed October 17, 2024]

Lusby F W. 2022. Glaucoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001620.htm [Accessed October 17, 2024]

Ng J 2020. Lifestyle Changes After Glaucoma Surgery. Glaucoma Australia. Available at: https://glaucoma.org.au/news-details/lifestyle/lifestyle-changes-after-glaucoma-surgery [Accessed October 17, 2024]

NHS 2021. Glaucoma Treatment. NHS. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glaucoma/treatments/ [Accessed October 17, 2024]

Is Glaucoma Hereditary

Is Glaucoma Hereditary? Understanding Genetic Risks And Management Strategies

October 28, 2024/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is a serious ocular disease that can lead to vision loss if not managed adequately. As one of the fundamental causes of blindness worldwide, understanding glaucoma is essential for early detection and prevention, which begs the question, Is glaucoma hereditary?

This article delves into the hereditary aspects of glaucoma, various types of glaucoma, and modern management options, including topical eye drops, YAG laser iridotomy, SLT laser, and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).

By gaining a deeper understanding, you can take proactive steps towards safeguarding your eye health.

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an eye disorder that destroys the optic nerve, oftentimes due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

This pressure buildup can damage the delicate fibres of the optic nerve, leading to irreversible vision loss if left untackled.

But is glaucoma hereditary?

The answer is yes, in many cases. Family history plays a vital role in an individual’s risk of experiencing glaucoma.

Types Of Glaucoma

There are many types of glaucoma, each with its own unique characteristics.

Understanding these types can help in recognising the early signs and managing the condition effectively.

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Primary open-angle glaucoma is a common form.

It develops slowly over time as the eye’s drainage system becomes less optimal, increasing eye pressure.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Also known as primary angle-closure glaucoma or closed-angle glaucoma, this type occurs when the iris restricts the drainage angle in the eye.

This can lead to acute attacks, characterised by sudden eye pain, headaches, and blurred vision.

Congenital Glaucoma

Primary congenital glaucoma is present at birth and is caused by an error in the development of the eye’s drainage system.

There’s a risk that this condition can be passed down, especially in cases of early-onset glaucoma.

Secondary Glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma happens as a result of another eye condition or injury.

Inflammatory eye diseases, eye injuries, or medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure can increase the risk of developing glaucoma.

Is Glaucoma Hereditary? Glaucoma Risk Factors

When discussing whether glaucoma is hereditary, it’s important to recognise that genetic factors play a significant role.

Glaucoma hereditary patterns suggest that those with immediate family members who have glaucoma are at a greater risk of developing the condition.

Specific genes responsible for glaucoma have been identified, and these genetic mutations can increase a person’s risk of developing the disease.

A family history of glaucoma is considered one of the reasons someone may develop glaucoma, particularly in primary open-angle glaucoma and juvenile open-angle glaucoma.

Apart from genetics, other risk factors can increase your risk of experiencing open-angle glaucoma or developing angle-closure glaucoma.

These include age (older adults are at higher risk), ethnicity (people of African or Hispanic origin have a greater risk), and medical conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes.

Understanding these risk factors for glaucoma is crucial to fighting glaucoma and managing its progression.

Glaucoma Management Options

Managing glaucoma effectively involves early detection and a range of management options.

While glaucoma has no cure, various steps can help control intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risks.

Topical Eye Drops

Topical eye drops are oftentimes the first line of defence for managing glaucoma.

These eye drops work either by reducing the production of aqueous humour or increasing its drainage from the eye.

They lower eye pressure and help prevent further damage to the optic nerve.

Regular use of prescribed eye drops is essential to managing the condition properly.

YAG Laser Iridotomy

YAG laser iridotomy is a common procedure for managing angle-closure glaucoma.

It involves creating a small opening in the iris to improve the flow of aqueous humour and relieve pressure.

This procedure is particularly good at preventing acute attacks of angle-closure glaucoma.

Also, it is often recommended for those at higher risk of developing this condition.

SLT Laser (Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty)

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is another effective management for open-angle glaucoma.

SLT laser targets the eye’s drainage system, enhancing the outflow of fluid and reducing intraocular pressure.

It is a non-invasive procedure that can be repeated if necessary and is a popular choice for those who may not respond well to topical eye drops.

MIGS (Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery)

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) offers a less invasive option for managing glaucoma, particularly when combined with cataract surgery.

Two popular MIGS devices are the iStent and Hydrus.

These tiny devices are implanted into the eye’s drainage system, helping to improve fluid outflow and lower eye pressure.

MIGS procedures may be recommended for patients with mild-to-moderate glaucoma who are undergoing cataract surgery.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is glaucoma always hereditary?

No, while hereditary glaucoma is common, not everyone with glaucoma has a family history of the condition.

Other factors, like age, ethnicity, and certain medical conditions, also play a role in developing glaucoma.

Can glaucoma be cured?

You cannot treat glaucoma, but it can be managed with early detection and proper measures.

The goal is to mitigate further damage to the optic nerve and sustain vision.

How often should I get my eyes checked if glaucoma runs in my family?

If you have a family history of glaucoma, your skilled eye doctor should recommend a comprehensive eye exam.

Early detection is necessary when it comes to slowing down vision loss.

Are there lifestyle changes that may help prevent glaucoma?

Maintaining a good lifestyle, which includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and addressing medical issues such as high blood pressure, may help lower your chance of developing glaucoma.

Regular eye examinations may also be necessary for early detection.

What are the early glaucoma symptoms?

In many cases, glaucoma develops without noticeable symptoms.

However, some early signs include loss of peripheral vision, pain, headaches, and halos around lights.

Regular eye exams are key to detecting these early signs.

Wrapping Up: The Importance Of Early Detection And Management

Finding the answer to the common question, “Is glaucoma hereditary?” is essential for those with a family history of the condition.

While genetics play a significant role, other elements such as age, ethnicity, and medical conditions also contribute to the risk of developing glaucoma.

Early detection and proper management, including topical eye drops, YAG laser iridotomy, SLT laser, and MIGS, are crucial in preventing vision loss.

By staying aware and proactive, you can protect your eyes’ health and reduce the risk of glaucoma.

Contact Armadale Eye Clinic in Melbourne at (03) 9070 5753 to take the first step towards safeguarding your sight.

Our experienced team of eye specialists is here to provide personalised care and the current management options to help you maintain healthy eyes for life.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Biggerstaff, Kristin S. “Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG).” Medscape, 9 Jan. 2024, emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206147-overview. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

Heslep, Grant, MD. “Family History, Ethnicity Give Insights Into Glaucoma.” Mayo Clinic Health System, 24 Jan. 2024, www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/family-history-ethnicity-and-glaucoma. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

Pharm, Ratan-NM. “Types of Glaucoma.” News-Medical, 3 Feb. 2019, www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of Glaucoma.aspx. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

National Glaucoma Research. “Glaucoma: Facts and Figures.” BrightFocus Foundation, 14 July 2021, www.brightfocus.org/glaucoma/article/glaucoma-facts-figures. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

“Risk Factors for Glaucoma.” Glaucoma Australia, glaucoma.org.au/what-is-glaucoma/risk-factors-for-glaucoma. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

Winderl, Amy Marturana. “A Guide to Glaucoma Surgery.” Health, 25 Nov. 2023, www.health.com/condition/glaucoma/glaucoma-surgery. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

what causes a stye in the eye melbourne

What Causes a Stye in the Eye? Discover How It’s Treated

June 13, 2023/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

If you have a painful lump or swelling on your eyelid, you may have a stye. Styes are fairly common eyelid bumps and are entirely benign, though they can be a cosmetic concern for some people. Some individuals can be prone to styes, while others have never before experienced a stye on their eyelid. Keep reading to find out more about eyelid styes.

What is a Stye?

Also known as a hordeolum, symptoms of a stye include a red, painful bump on the eyelid, whether the upper or lower eyelid. It can look like a pimple on the edge of the eyelid or a sore area of swelling elsewhere on the eyelid.

There are two types of styes – internal styes and external styes. An external stye is one that looks like the pimple at the edge of the eyelid, while an internal stye forms deeper in the eyelid tissue. Sometimes you can see a red lump on the outer skin of the eyelid, while other times, there’s no visible bump from the outside.

Are Styes Dangerous?

Styes of the eyelid are not cancerous but can cause some distress if they’re particularly large or sore or if you’re concerned about the appearance. Styes are not contagious and do not present a threat to your vision.

Another bump of the eyelid that is often confused for a stye is known as a chalazion. A chalazion is a blockage of the oil glands of the eyelid, but unlike styes, chalazia do not feel sore.

What Causes Styes?

External Styes

External, or outer, styes are typically bacterial infections of the eyelash follicle. Though bacteria are normally found on the skin, if they overgrow within the eyelash follicle, they can result in a stye.

Failing to wash your hands frequently and touching your eyes or using old cosmetics that have become contaminated over time can increase your risk of developing an outer stye. Certain skin conditions, such as rosacea, can also make you more likely to develop a stye.

Internal Styes

An internal stye is also a bacterial infection, this time of one of the oil glands of the eyelid. These oil glands are also known as meibomian glands and are important for producing tears.

Similar to the risk factors for an outer stye, internal styes may be more likely if you wear contact lenses or persist in using old cosmetics, and they can be associated with certain skin conditions.

Both internal and external styes can occur either on one or both eyelids, and you can have more than one stye at a time.

Treatment Options for Styes (Home Remedies and Self Care)

Warm Compresses

Most styes will self-resolve in a matter of days to a week without any treatment. However, you may find that applying warm compresses (that is, a warm washcloth or other clean cloth soaked in warm water) to the closed eyelid several times a day can help the stye heal more rapidly. When preparing the warm compress, ensure that the hot water is not so hot that it causes burns or pain to your delicate eyelid skin.

You can also try gently massaging your eyelid, however, it’s important to never try to pop or burst a stye as this can cause damage to your eyelid anatomy and cause further spread of the bacterial infection.

Keep the eye area clean

You can do this by wiping away any eye discharge using a clean cotton ball or face towel soaked with warm water, but always remember to wash your hands before touching your eyelids.

While recovering from a stye, avoid wearing contact lenses, wash your hands often, and stay away from eye makeup, as this can cause further irritation to the affected eyelid gland.

Avoid touching the stye as much as you can.

Further Management

While most styes will heal on their own, some people will need to see a doctor for further intervention.

When to See a Doctor

You may consider visiting your optometrist or ophthalmologist if:

The stye is not improving within a few days, and symptoms persist
The eyelid skin around the stye is becoming increasingly painful or red or swelling further as time passes
Your entire eyelid experiences painful swelling
The stye is so large that it interferes with your vision
You associate other symptoms with the stye, such as fever, headache, and nausea

Though a stye is usually easily diagnosed, sometimes other lesions of the eyelid can be mistaken for a stye. If you experience symptoms such as ulceration or flaking skin around the bump, or if the nearby eyelashes fall out, see your eyecare professional immediately.

Antibiotics to Treat a Stye

The use of antibiotics for a stye can be controversial; using warm compresses is generally the first-line treatment.

Though there is little evidence that antibiotics are useful treatment options for styes, some doctors still prescribe antibiotic ointment to be applied to the edge of your eyelid where the outer stye is or oral antibiotics if it’s an internal stye or a stye at risk of turning into a wider-spread infection (a medical emergency).

Surgery for a Stye

If your internal stye is taking a long time to resolve, your eye doctor may recommend it be surgically removed. This involves making a small incision and draining the contents of the stye.

How to Prevent Styes

Some people are more prone to developing a stye compared to others. Though following these suggestions can reduce your risk of a stye, they are not guaranteed to prevent styes entirely.

Manage Medical Conditions

Medical conditions that are associated with an increased risk of a stye include:

dry eyes
blepharitis
diabetes
excessively oily skin

Steps to Prevent Styes

Adhering to good hygiene with your contact lenses
Discarding eye makeup every three months
Washing your hands before touching your eyes

Some people with dry eyes or blepharitis may also find it beneficial to regularly apply a warm compress to their closed eyelid long-term.

Give Armadale Eye Clinic a call on (03) 9070 5753 for a consultation.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

References

Stye
https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stye

Stye
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459349/

Hordeolum (stye)
https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/hordeolum?sso=y

eyelid lumps and bumps melbourne

Eyelid Lumps and Bumps — Types, Causes, & Risk Factors

May 14, 2023/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs, Oculoplastic Surgery /by armadaleeye

So, you’ve glanced in the mirror and just noticed a little bump on your upper eyelid. Is this something to be worried about? Could it be skin cancer, or is it just a benign lesion? Do you need to see someone about it? There are many types of eyelid bumps and lid lesions; some need urgent attention, while others will resolve with simple warm compresses. This is what you should know about eyelid bumps and lesions.

Styes and Chalazia

Styes and chalazia are often confused – many people will classify a chalazion as a stye. However, they are two separate types of benign eyelid lesions.

A stye, also known as a hordeolum, may be internal or external. They can appear along the eyelid margin or further within the lid. An external stye is a bacterial infection of the sebaceous glands around the eyelashes, known as the glands of Zeis and Moll; it can look like a pimple. Conversely, an internal stye is an infection of the oil glands deeper within the lid, known as the meibomian glands. These look like a red, soft bump on the eyelid. There are numerous oil glands on both the upper and lower eyelid, so you may find you can have more than one eyelid bump at a time. Styes tend to be red and painful to touch and can start as a generalised swelling of the lid tissues.

Chalazia, or singular chalazion, is a blockage of a meibomian gland of the lid. Unlike a stye, it doesn’t involve an active infection. A chalazion may appear as a slightly tender, red, swollen bump on the lid but more often presents as a painless lump without redness. They are more common on the upper eyelid but can appear on the lower eyelids too.

Treatment for Styes and Chalazia

Your stye or chalazion will resolve on its own without intervention. Oral antibiotics are not necessary as the drug doesn’t reach these lid lesions in any useful concentration. Instead, applying warm compresses several times a day can help the body to clear the clogged gland more quickly.

However, if the bacterial infection associated with a stye progresses to an infection of the surrounding tissues, known as preseptal cellulitis, this will require antibiotic treatment.

Never try to pop these eyelid lesions, as it can result in scarring or a secondary infection.

In some cases, a chalazion can hang around for months – if this becomes bothersome, you may choose to see an eye surgeon for surgical excision and drainage.

If you have a stye or chalazion, it’s a good idea to avoid wearing eye makeup and contact lenses as these can cause further irritation and prolong the healing process.

Other Common Eyelid Bumps

Skin tags are benign eyelid lesions more common in elderly patients. They appear as small growths on the skin attached by a tiny stalk. Skin tags can vary in colour and size, and even texture.

Seborrheic keratosis is a discoloured, wart-like bump also more common in older patients. Like a skin tag, it’s not necessary to treat seborrheic keratosis unless it bothers you for cosmetic reasons.

Milia are tiny white bumps on the eyelid skin and cheeks. These are cysts that form due to dead cells trapped under the surface of the skin. These tiny white bumps are common in infants and children.

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a viral infection, most commonly in children. Typically, this viral wart appears only around one eye and can be contagious through physical contact. It’s generally safe to let it resolve on its own over weeks, but you should exercise impeccable hygiene to avoid transmitting the virus to others.

Squamous papilloma is a very common benign tumour, often found in middle-aged or older adults. It appears as a skin-coloured growth on the eyelids and doesn’t need any treatment.

Eyelid Bumps and Malignant Lesions

Though most lid bumps are benign lesions, it is possible to develop malignant eyelid tumours as well. To the untrained eye, it can be difficult to determine whether an eyelid bump is a malignant lesion or not. For this reason, even if you suspect your eyelid bump is just a stye or a chalazion, any new bumps should be checked by an optometrist or eye specialist for accurate diagnosis. This is especially true if the eyelid bump bleeds, is flaky or scaly, disrupts your eyelash line, or continues to grow over time.

Basal Cell Carcinomas

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant lesion found on the eyelids, representing about 90% of eyelid malignancies. It’s most frequently found on the lower eyelid and in individuals with fair skin but can happen with any skin complexion.

Treatment is always recommended, as cancer cells can spread. Treatment modalities include using topical medications, though this is not as effective as complete excision with an eye surgeon specialising in oculoplastics.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma is much rarer than basal cell carcinoma. Still, it tends to spread more aggressively, including orbital invasion (of the eye socket) and distant metastasis to regional lymph nodes or parts of the body further away from the eye.

The treatment of choice is to have the lesion completely surgically removed, such as with a technique known as Mohs micrographic surgery.

Sebaceous Cell Carcinomas

This type of cancer arises from an oil gland of the eye, such as a meibomian gland. Sebaceous cell carcinomas can also spread aggressively and must be treated promptly.

Risk Factors for Lid Malignant Lesions

Understanding your risk for skin cancer can help you to respond more quickly if you notice a suspicious lesion around your eyelids.

Factors that increase your chances of developing a malignant eyelid bump include:

Fair or light complexion
Older age
Ultraviolet exposure
Certain viruses, such as HIV
Immunosuppression
Skin conditions involving damage, such as from old burns or previous scarring

Though most lid lesions are harmless, any bump that is new and unusual should be checked out by a qualified eye care professional by calling on (03) 9070 5753. You may require monitoring over time for changes, or if the lesion exhibits obviously suspicious features of malignant transformation, prompt treatment may be needed.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

References

Eyelid lesions in general practice
https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2019/august/eyelid-lesions-in-general-practice

Styes
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/styes

retinal vein occlusion symptoms melbourne

Retinal Vein Occlusion Symptoms — Everything You Need To Know

April 24, 2023/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by armadaleeye

The retina is a complex piece of tissue. It’s responsible for receiving light coming into the eye, converting it into a neural signal, and sending it through a series of cells, down the optic nerve, where it eventually reaches the visual parts of the brain. After the cells of the retina have sent on their signals, they need to reset to do it all over again. The retina is supported by various other tissues in order to achieve this, all of which need oxygen and nutrients to perform properly.

Blood Vessels of the Retina

Due to its constant activity, the retina needs a constant supply of oxygen and blood flow through its blood circulation system. The main retinal blood vessels include the central retinal artery and the central retinal vein. The central retinal artery carries high-oxygen and nutrient-rich blood flow into the retina while the central retinal vein takes deoxygenated blood out of the retina to be replenished back at the heart and lungs.

Similar to other blood vessels of the body, it is possible to develop a blockage in a retinal blood vessel, whether an artery or a vein. In medical terms, this is known as an artery or vein occlusion. The blood vessels of the eye can be subject to various different types of occlusions, including central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, central retinal artery occlusion, or branch retinal artery occlusion. Compared to blockages of the retinal arteries, retinal vein occlusions are more common.

What Causes a Retinal Vein Occlusion?

A retinal vein occlusion can occur in either the main retinal vein- the central retinal vein, which is then termed a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), or in a smaller blood vessel, called a branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

The main cause of a retinal vein occlusion is the formation of a blood clot, which typically occurs at the point where a retinal artery crosses over a vein. The result of this is poor blood flow through that point of the retinal circulation. As the outflow of blood is slowed, it accumulates behind the point of blockage. This leads to swelling, including around the macula. This is known as macular edema, which can result in central vision loss.

Other effects of a retinal vein occlusion include haemorrhaging and fluid leakage into the retina (bleeding). This leakage of blood into the surrounding retinal tissues can cause further cellular damage and vision loss.

Symptoms of Retinal Vein Occlusion

The symptoms of retinal vein occlusions are non-specific. That means, there is not one single symptom that would make you realise you’re experiencing a retinal vein occlusion.

In most cases retinal vein occlusion occurs just in the one eye. If the retinal vessel occlusion results in swelling of the macula (macular edema), you will notice a gradual, painless loss of vision in your central sight. In some cases, the loss of vision can be quite sudden. However, if the blood clot occurs in a retinal vessel further away from the macula, you may actually not be aware of any changes to your vision. In situations that involve a large vitreous hemorrhage, where there is a significant bleed into the space of the eyeball containing the retina, you may experience sudden complete vision loss in that eye.

Some people also report seeing dark specks, lines, or squiggles in their vision. These are known as floaters. During a retinal vein occlusion, floaters are typically droplets of blood leaking into the vitreous.

Risk Factors for Retinal Vein Occlusion

Risk factors are characteristics of a person that make them more likely to experience a disease or condition. For any condition, including central or branch retinal vein occlusions, having a risk factor does not guarantee you will develop the condition. Conversely, not having any of the risk factors does not rule you out from ever experiencing the disease.

The risk factors relevant to retinal vein occlusions are similar to those for strokes and heart attacks. They include:

Older age (particularly being over the age of 60)
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Hypercholesterolaemia (high blood cholesterol levels)
Diabetes (a systemic disease involving elevated blood sugar levels)
Smoking
Being overweight or obese

It is possible to reduce your risk of retinal vein occlusion by managing these modifiable risk factors. Apart from getting older, all other factors can be controlled.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Either an optometrist or ophthalmologist will be able to diagnose a retinal vein occlusion. They achieve this by viewing the whole retina and the retinal blood vessels, assessing for any haemorrhaging or retinal swelling that may be due to a blocked vein.

If you’ve attended to an optometrist who diagnoses a retinal vein occlusion, you’ll be then referred to an ophthalmologist for treatment.

For a better view of the whole retina, you will most likely have dilating eyedrops instilled, which widen the pupil and temporarily stop it from constricting, which its natural response to light.

Macular edema is most easily visualised using a test called optical coherence tomography. Optical coherence tomography will also be used to continue monitoring the improvement of the macular edema over time. Another test called fluorescein angiography involves the injection of a dye through you veins, which helps to highlight the location of blood clots, any abnormal blood vessels, and the overall state of your retinal veins and arteries.

Treatment options will depend on the specifics of your condition. If macular edema is present, you may be recommended an eye injection of a drug called anti vascular endothelial growth factor. These injections are typically repeated until the swelling has resolved. Anti vascular endothelial growth factor injections can also be used if the retina begins to develop abnormal new blood vessels. These new blood vessels are a risk for a secondary disease called neovascular glaucoma.

Laser treatment is also an option, both for managing any retinal swelling as well as the growth of new blood vessels. Any unusual changes to your vision should never be ignored, particularly areas of vision loss.

Call us now on (03) 9070 5753 for a consultation.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources

Retinal vein occlusion.
https://www.mdfoundation.com.au/about-macular-disease/other-macular-conditions/retinal-vein-occlusion/

What is Branch Retinal Vein occlusion (BRVo)?
https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-branch-retinal-vein-occlusion

eyelid ptosis surgery melbourne

Eyelid Ptosis Surgery — Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

April 24, 2023/0 Comments/in Oculoplastic Surgery, Armadale Eye Blogs /by armadaleeye

A ptosis of the upper eyelid refers to a droopy eyelid. In essence, the upper eyelid is unable to open fully. In addition to being a cosmetic concern, a ptosis may also cause problems with the vision, especially if the upper eyelids are covering a significant part of your upper visual field. Keep reading to find out more about this problem of the upper eyelid and ptosis surgery.

What Causes a Ptosis?

There can be a number of causes of a droopy eyelid. Not all may require ptosis surgery.

Congenital Ptosis

This refers to droopy eyelids that have been present from birth. The ptosis may be apparent on both sides or just one eye. A ptosis that is present at birth is typically due to underdevelopment of the levator muscle, which is the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing a congenital ptosis can sometimes be challenging in infants and young children. In addition to noticing a drooping eyelid, other signs can include one fold of the eyelid being lower than the other, or the child is constantly lifting their chin to be able to see beneath the lowered upper eyelid.

Treatment

If not treated with prompt eyelid surgery, ptosis in children can cause significant vision problems, such as ambylopia. Amblyopia is also known as lazy eye, and occurs due to a lack of neural input from the eye with the ptosis to the brain during the critical developmental period. If not treated, amblyopia can result in permanently reduced vision.

Children who are compensating for their ptosis by tilting their head may also be at risk of head and neck problems.

Age-Related Ptosis

Another common cause of upper eyelid ptosis is older age. This is commonly called an involutional or acquired ptosis. Due to age, the eyelid muscles, specifically the levator muscle, can become stretched and loosened, making it difficult to lift the upper eyelids.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Your eye surgeon will assess the ptosis and amount that the upper eyelid droops by measuring the eyelid height. If the droopy eyelids are so low that they interfere with your vision, you can elect to have your upper eyelids lifted through ptosis repair surgery. If there is excess skin or skin laxity around your eyelids, this can also be treated and removed through a procedure called a blepharoplasty at the same time as your ptosis surgery.

Some patients with ptosis may not be concerned by their droopy eyelid. If this is the case, it’s not necessary to undergo ptosis surgery if it doesn’t bother you.

Other Causes of Ptosis

Other reasons for a droopy eyelid requiring ptosis surgery can include:

Injury to the upper eyelid muscle, including the levator muscle
Disease of the levator muscle and any other muscle that lifts the upper eyelid, such as myasthenia gravis
Damage to the nerve supplying the muscle that lifts the eyelid

Ptosis Surgery

Most patients suffering from a bothersome eyelid ptosis will benefit from eyelid surgery. However, if your droopy eyelid is due to a systemic disease, such as myasthenia gravis, medications may be more effective. Occasionally, your surgeon may not recommend surgery due to some other reason. Your eye doctor will advise you accordingly based on your circumstances.

The aim of ptosis surgery is to treat the drooping eyelid so that it no longer interferes with your vision. Ideally, the eyelid surgery achieves an equal eyelid margin height between the eyes, but this is not always possible.

What Happens During Ptosis Surgery

Ptosis surgery is usually performed under local anaesthetic, which is injected into the upper lid by the surgeon. Most patients will also be offered a sedative and painkillers. Children are more likely to require full general anaesthetic.

In most cases, the surgeon only needs to make small corrections to the levator muscle. However, in extreme cases, the entire levator muscle may need to shortened and reattached to successfully keep the eyelid lifted when in a normal open position.

An incision is made in the upper lid, usually around its natural crease so that any sutures and the resultant scar will be hidden when the eyelid is open.

After Ptosis Surgery

After your ptosis surgery your surgeon will give you some guidelines to help your recovery. You’ll be asked to use an antibiotic ointment around the incision to prevent infection and maybe also some eye drops in the eye itself. You can expect some swelling and bruising of the eyelids for up to a couple of weeks.

Other Effects After Ptosis Surgery

Though most cases of ptosis surgery recover uneventfully, some patients can experience temporary:

Dry eye; this can typically be managed with lubricating eye drops
Difficulty closing the eyelid completely
Alterations to vision; your prescription may need to be updated
Numbness of the skin around your eyelid and eyelashes; typically this resolves in 6 to 8 weeks

In cases where eyelid surgery is performed on only one eyelid, you may find the other eyelid begins to droop. If this becomes a problem, you may ask your surgeon about droopy eyelid surgery to keep that eyelid lifted.

Complications of Ptosis Eyelid Surgery

The vast majority of ptosis surgery cases are able to successfully treat ptosis with one round of surgery. However, in some cases it may be necessary to undergo a second ptosis operation.

Reasons for a Second Ptosis Eyelid Operation

If the eyelid and muscle are lifted too high
If the eyelid is not lifted high enough and either continues to interfere with vision or continues to appear significantly asymmetrical
If the shape of the eyelid is not quite right

Potential Complications of a Ptosis Repair

As with any operation, there are risks associated with eyelid surgery.

General Risks

Risks of any operation include:

Bleeding
Infection
Allergic reaction to the local anaesthetic or medical materials used

Risks Specific to Ptosis Eyelid Surgery

Over or undercorrection of the levator muscle
Bleeding into the eye socket
An unsightly scar
Irritation from the sutures

In order to avoid complications as much as possible, it’s important to disclose your full medical history to your eye doctor so that your risk factors can be identified and managed ahead of your ptosis operation. Or you can simply contact Armadale Eye Clinic on (03) 9070 5753, and we’ll be glad to answer all of your questions.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources

Ptosis.
https://eyeandear.org.au/patients-visitors/fact-sheets/ptosis/

Ptosis (drooping eyelid).
https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Ptosis_drooping_eyelid/

Ptosis surgery (adult).
https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/surgery/ptosis-surgery#what-is

retinal detachment symptoms melbourne

Retinal Detachment Symptoms — How to Identify Them?

February 13, 2023/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by armadaleeye

The retina is a delicate layer of tissue lining the inside of the eyeball at the back. Its function is to detect incoming light, convert the light into neural signals, and forward these signals to the visual processing centres of the brain. It’s a complex piece of anatomy and crucial for vision. This part of the eye can also be subject to a number of retinal eye conditions, many of which can result in permanent sight impairment.

One of these is an ocular emergency known as retinal detachment. Being able to recognise early retinal detachment symptoms is essential to improving the prognosis of your sight. Keep reading to find out what you need to know about retinal detachment.

What is a Retinal Detachment?

As the name suggests, a retinal detachment occurs when the retinal tissue comes away from the wall of the eyeball. Many eyecare practitioners will describe this as wallpaper peeling away from the wall. The retina relies on oxygen, nutrients, and other metabolic support from the underlying tissues of the eye, such as the choroid layer. In addition to no longer being able to receive this crucial support, a retinal detachment also means the retinal cells are unable to transmit their neural signals onward through the visual pathway.

A retinal detachment is one of those retinal eye conditions that constitute an emergency. The success of retinal detachment surgery and restoration of sight depends, in part, on how long the retina has been detached for. This is why being able to recognise when you’re experiencing retinal detachment symptoms is important for seeking urgent medical attention.

What are the Retinal Detachment Symptoms?

Retinal detachment symptoms can vary. Not everyone will experience all the symptoms, and in fact, some patients may have an asymptomatic retinal detachment that’s only incidentally detected on a routine eye check-up. However, more often than not, you will notice that something is unusual if you are experiencing detachment.

These are the common symptoms of retinal detachment:

Flashing lights. The medical term for this is photopsia. You may see what looks like a lightning flash out of the corner of your eye, or it may feel like the sudden flash of a reflection from a surface. Many people report this as being the most apparent when they move their eyes or shake their heads, and it may be more noticeable when the environment is dark. Photopsia during a retinal detachment occurs because as the retina is pulling away from the wall of the eyeball, it mechanically stimulates the neurons to fire, inducing the perception of light.
Floaters. Floaters are dark or translucent specks, lines, squiggles, or cobwebs-like shapes that you see in your vision. Sometimes people may think they’re seeing actual spiderwebs or a cloud of flies in front of them. During a retinal detachment, floaters can arise from blood released from broken retinal blood vessels or from fragments of retinal tissue floating around the vitreous gel inside the eyeball. The onset of floaters can also be a sign of one of the retinal eye conditions that are a normal part of ageing, known as a posterior vitreous detachment. However, you can’t know for certain whether you’re experiencing a retinal detachment or a posterior vitreous detachment until you have an examination with an eye care professional.
Blurred sight. As the retina comes away, it is no longer able to perform its job in enabling sight. This means in the area of detachment, you may realise you can’t see as clearly. This will be especially noticeable if your macula is involved in the detachment, as this part of the retina is responsible for your central vision, which we’re most attentive to.
Dark, missing areas of your visual field. During a retinal detachment, you may feel like a dark curtain or shadow is coming across your field of sight. This represents the area of the retinal detachment where the retinal tissue is no longer able to perceive light.

A detached retina will most likely need retinal detachment surgery by a retinal specialist.

What to Do if You Think You’re Having a Retinal Detachment?

If you experience any of the symptoms of a retinal detachment, it’s important to see an eye care professional on the same day. GPs don’t have the necessary equipment to investigate a retinal detachment and will have to refer you to an eye care professional.

You can contact your local optometrist, who can discuss your symptoms with you. If they think the likelihood of a retinal detachment is high, they may suggest you go straight to your city’s eye and ear hospital or a hospital emergency department. Depending on your optometrist and their experience, they may alternatively recommend you come in to see them for an examination to see whether you need a referral for retinal detachment surgery.

If you are already under the care of an ophthalmologist, you can contact their rooms for advice. Only an ophthalmologist is able to perform retinal detachment surgery, typically one who has undergone specialist training in managing retinal conditions.

When you attend an eyecare appointment to investigate a retinal detachment, you should avoid driving. This is because your eyecare practitioner will need to perform a dilated eye exam to thoroughly assess the retina. You will have eyedrops instilled that will widen the pupil. The effect of a dilated pupil is that your clinician can see further out to the periphery of the retina, but it also means you will be quite glare-sensitive, and it may be difficult to see clearly for the duration of the eye drops. For most people, the eyedrops wear off after about an hour or two. For this period of time, your near sight may also be quite blurred.

Call us on (03) 9070 5753 today.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

References

Retinal detachment.
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/retinal-detachment#long-term-outlook-for-retinal-detachment

Asymptomatic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments.
https://www.ophthalmologyretina.org/article/S2468-6530(22)00474-2/fulltext

signs of a cataract melbourne

Signs Of A Cataract — Discover What To Look Out For

January 30, 2023/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by armadaleeye

Cataracts tend to be very slow-growing, which can make it difficult to notice any changes to your sight. However, cataracts are the most common eye disease around the globe, making cataract surgery the most commonly performed procedure. Though it’s not critical to rush into eye surgery as soon as you’ve been diagnosed, it can help you to be prepared by being able to recognise the signs of a cataract.

What are the Signs of a Cataract?

The signs of a cataract can be difficult to identify as they’re not specific to cataracts. Though you may suspect you’re developing a cataract, diagnosis can only be confirmed with an examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. After diagnosis, you may then wish to discuss whether cataract surgery is the right option at this time.

In the early stages of cataract development, you’re not likely to notice anything at all. Even when a cataract has progressed to a moderate stage, many people are unaware of changes to their sight. However, depending on how attuned you are to changes in your sight, the visual requirements of your work or hobbies, and the type of cataract, you may eventually begin to realise your vision is not what it used to be.

Here are the signs of a cataract.

Decrease in visual clarity

As the cataract grows, it reduces the transparency of the lens inside the eye. This means that less light from the environment is able to pass through the lens to the retina. Because of this, you may find your sight feels unclear. Some people describe the sensation as filmy, cloudy, or foggy. A popular analogy for vision through a cataract is like looking through a dirty window or smudged spectacle lenses. In real-world terms, this may mean you need to drive closer to a street sign before being able to read it or need to increase the font size on your phone.

Glare sensitivity

One particular type of cataract, known as a posterior subcapsular cataract, can induce increased glare sensitivity, also known as photophobia. This is because the opacity of the cataract scatters light as it passes through the lens. Another type of cataract called anterior cortical cataract can also be associated with photophobia for the same reason. You may find yourself particularly blinded at night when driving on the road and faced with oncoming car headlights or street lights. Backlit or LED signage can also be quite uncomfortable to view. If you find your glare sensitivity to be debilitating, even though your sight is generally quite sharp for all other activities, you may decide that cataract surgery is necessary.

More difficulty in low lighting conditions

Ever tried to read a menu in a dimly lit restaurant and found you need to bring out the torch on your phone? The haze developing in your lens from a cataract affects your contrast sensitivity. Contrast sensitivity is the ability to discern patterns and edges from a background. To an extent, increasing the lighting helps to improve the contrast. For example, navigating an uneven sidewalk at dusk is much harder compared to in bright sunlight, where every crack or dip in the pavement is easily visible. You may also find that to read the newspaper comfortably, you now need to bring the paper to the window for natural lighting. Another example is feeling less comfortable when driving in poor visibility conditions on the road, such as in heavy rain or fog.

The colours appear faded

One type of cataract known as nuclear sclerosis grows as a yellow-brownish haze in the centre of the lens. This discolouration of the lens filters out certain wavelengths of light as you view objects, which can affect your colour perception. Very few people notice this particular sign of a cataract. However, the difference is more marked after undergoing cataract surgery. Soon after this sight-restoring eye surgery, many people realise how much more vibrant and brighter colours appear.

Your prescription changes frequently

The progression of a cataract can cause your contact lens or glasses prescription to shift. You may find your prescription becoming more short-sighted (myopic) or long-sighted (hyperopic). You may even find your astigmatism changing. This shift in your script can sometimes work in your favour, at least at the beginning of your cataract development. For example, if you experience a myopic shift in your script and that eye becomes more short-sighted, you may find you can read without your glasses. Conversely, if you began as short-sighted but the cataract causes a hyperopic shift, you may find your far sight improves without your glasses. However, the benefits of this are often outweighed by the inconvenience of often needing to update your glasses, which can become expensive. Some people may opt to undergo cataract surgery to eliminate the need for constant updating of their glasses.

Cataract Surgery

Eye surgery, specifically cataract surgery, is the only way to definitively treat a cataract. The timing of cataract surgery is largely up to you and how you feel your sight and daily activities are being impacted by cataracts. Your optometrist or ophthalmologist can provide guidance on the best timing and other considerations for cataract eye surgery.

Once you decide to undergo cataract surgery, you have the option of having your eye surgery via either the private or public system. Your eye care professional can discuss with you the pros and cons of each one.

Call us on (03) 9070 5753 today.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

References

Cataracts.
https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts

Cataracts.
https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cataracts