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Does Glaucoma Cause Blindness

Does Glaucoma Cause Blindness? Everything You Need To Know

April 4, 2025/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is said to take away your vision slowly because of its damage to the optic nerve, which is important for seeing clearly. But does glaucoma cause blindness?

In this article, you’ll learn how glaucoma affects your eyes, the different types of glaucoma, and what treatments are available. You’ll also discover steps you can take to protect your eyesight.

Does Glaucoma Cause Blindness?

Glaucoma harms the optic nerve, which helps your eyes send pictures to your brain. This damage often happens when eye pressure gets too high. The eye makes a clear fluid called aqueous humour, which usually drains out naturally.

But if this fluid does not drain properly, pressure builds up and eventually impairs the optic nerve. Over time, this might lead to permanent vision loss.

The Role Of Eye Pressure

Your eyes need normal pressure to keep their shape and work properly. But if the pressure inside the eye, called intraocular pressure (IOP), gets too high, it can press on the optic nerve and cause damage.

Some people can even develop glaucoma without high eye pressure. That’s why regular eye check-ups are so important!

Types Of Glaucoma And Their Impact On Vision

Glaucoma comes in different types, and each one affects your vision in its own way. Some types develop slowly and painlessly, while others appear suddenly and need quick treatment. Understanding the differences will help you know the amount of risk and take steps to protect your eyesight.

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)

This is a common type of glaucoma that occurs when the eye’s drainage angle becomes less efficient, causing pressure to build up.

It develops slowly and may not show any early signs.
Over time, it can cause peripheral vision loss (side vision).
Without treatment, blind spots may develop, leading to permanent vision loss.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma (ACG)

This type happens when the drainage angle suddenly closes, causing a quick rise in eye pressure. It can happen fast and needs emergency care.

Acute angle-closure glaucoma can cause bad eye pain, blurred vision, and nausea.
Chronic angle-closure glaucoma develops slowly but still damages the optic nerve over time.
If not managed, it can lead to vision loss.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG)

This type of glaucoma can damage the optic nerve, even when eye pressure is normal. The exact cause isn’t clear, but it might be because of poor blood flow to the optic nerve.

Vision loss happens slowly, making it hard to notice at first.
Regular eye exams are the way to catch it early.

Congenital Glaucoma

This less common type of glaucoma is present at birth. It happens when a baby’s eye fluid doesn’t drain properly.

Babies may have cloudy eyes, sensitivity to light, and excessive tearing.
If unmanaged, it can lead to blind spots, blurred vision, or permanent vision loss.
Early treatment can help protect the child’s eyesight.

Recognising The Symptoms Of Glaucoma

Glaucoma can be hard to notice at first because it often develops slowly and without pain. Many people don’t realise they have it until their vision starts changing. That’s why regular eye check-ups are so important!

As glaucoma gets worse, you may start to notice changes in your vision. Some signs to look out for include:

Changes In Peripheral Vision

One of the early signs of glaucoma is losing side vision. This can happen so slowly that you may not realise it at first.

At first, you may not notice small gaps in your side vision.
Over time, your vision may feel narrower, like you’re looking through a tunnel.
This can make it hard to see objects to the side while walking or driving.

Blurred Vision

Glaucoma can also make your vision blurry or foggy, making it harder to see clearly.

You might find it hard to focus on objects, especially up close.
Things may look foggy or unclear, even when wearing glasses.

Blind Spots

As the optic nerve gets damaged, you may notice dark spots in your vision.

Small dark or missing areas in your vision may appear.
These blind spots can grow, making it harder to see clearly.

Severe Eye Pain (Especially With AACG)

Some types of glaucoma, like acute angle-closure glaucoma, can cause sudden and intense eye pain. This is a medical emergency.

The pain may be severe and sharp.
It may come with nausea, vomiting, and headaches.
If you experience this, seek medical help immediately.

Vision Changes In Dim Lighting

If glaucoma progresses, you may struggle to see in low light or adjust to darkness.

Walking in a dark room may feel difficult.
Night driving may become more challenging.

Eye Redness And Discomfort

Your eyes may feel irritated or uncomfortable, especially as the pressure inside the eye increases.

Your eyes may look red or irritated.
They may feel sensitive to light.

How Is Glaucoma Diagnosed?

Glaucoma does not always cause early symptoms, so regular eye exams are necessary to catch it early. An eye doctor will look for signs of glaucoma before you even notice any vision changes.

To diagnose glaucoma, your eye doctor will perform a comprehensive dilated eye exam. This allows them to take a close look at your optic nerve, eye pressure, and vision. Here are some common tests they may use:

Visual Field Test

Glaucoma might cause blind spots in your vision, often without you realising it. A visual field test helps the doctor check if you have any missing areas in your sight.

You will be asked to focus on a target while responding to light signals.
This test maps out your field of vision to detect any changes.

Measuring Eye Pressure

Since eye pressure plays a big role in glaucoma, your doctor will check if it is within a healthy range.

This test helps determine if extra eye pressure may affect the optic nerve.
There are different ways to measure eye pressure, and your doctor will use the most suitable method.

Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT)

The optic nerve delivers visual information to your brain. Glaucoma can damage this nerve, so your doctor will examine it carefully.

OCT helps check for any signs of damage.
Tracking changes in this nerve over time can help with early detection.

Checking The Eye’s Drainage System

For some people, fluid inside the eye does not drain properly, which can raise pressure levels.

Your doctor may assess how well fluid drains from your eye.
If needed, treatment options can help improve fluid flow.

Treatment Options For Glaucoma

Glaucoma can’t be cured, but early management can help slow down vision loss. The goal of management is to lower IOP and protect the optic nerve from further damage. Your eye doctor will suggest the best possible option based on your type of glaucoma, eye pressure levels, and eye health.

Eye Drops

Eye drops are often the first step in managing glaucoma. They help lower eye pressure by improving how fluid drains from the eye or reducing the amount of fluid it produces.

Eye drops must be used every day as prescribed.
They help control the pressure inside the eye to prevent further damage.
It’s important to use eye drops properly to get the best possible results.
Your doctor may adjust the type or dosage if needed.

Many people use glaucoma eye drops long-term to help manage their condition and keep their vision stable.

Laser Treatment

Laser therapy can help fluid flow more easily from the eye, reducing pressure levels. It is often recommended if eye drops aren’t enough to control the condition.

This is a comfortable procedure performed by an eye doctor.
It helps open the drainage angle to improve fluid flow.
It may reduce or end the need for eye drops in some cases.
Different types of laser treatments are available depending on the type of glaucoma. Some common laser treatments include:
- Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT laser): often used for open-angle glaucoma to improve drainage.
- YAG Laser Iridotomy: typically used for angle-closure glaucoma to create a small opening in the iris, allowing better fluid movement.

Laser therapy is an effective option for many people, but results can vary. Some individuals may need extra treatments over time to maintain healthy eye pressure.

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries (MIGS)

Surgical procedures may be suggested for some individuals to help lower IOP and protect vision. MIGS, like iStent and Hydrus, offer faster recovery than traditional surgeries.

These procedures help fluid drain more efficiently from the eye.
They can often be performed alongside cataract surgery.
They may reduce the need for long-term medication.
Your eye doctor will discuss which surgical options may be suitable for you.

Preventing Glaucoma And Further Vision Loss

Taking care of your eyes and health can lower your risk. Here are some ways you can protect your vision:

Get regular eye exams to detect glaucoma early.
Keep high blood pressure and other health issues under control.
Wear safety glasses to prevent an eye injury.
Stick to a good lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, exercising, and avoiding smoking.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who is at higher risk of developing glaucoma?

Some people may have a higher risk of glaucoma if they:

Have a family history of glaucoma
Are over 40 years old
Have high eye pressure
Have high blood pressure or diabetes
Have experienced an eye injury

Can glaucoma cause headaches?

Yes, glaucoma can cause headaches. This happens when eye pressure gets too high. It is more common with acute angle-closure glaucoma. But if you have open-angle glaucoma, you may not get headaches.

Can wearing glasses or contact lenses prevent glaucoma?

No, glasses and contact lenses help you see clearly, but they do not stop glaucoma. The best way to protect your vision is to get regular eye check-ups.

Conclusion

Glaucoma is a serious eye disease that can lead to vision loss if not detected and managed early. Yet, there are ways to protect your eyesight.

Getting regular eye check-ups, following your treatment plan, and knowing your risk factors can help you take care of your vision.

Your vision is important. If you have questions about glaucoma or want to check your eye health, we’re here in Melbourne to help.

Book an eye exam today and take a step towards protecting your sight. Contact Armadale Eye Clinic today at (03) 9070 5753 to schedule your appointment!

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources

Biggerstaff K S 2024. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology Dersu I Irak, editor. Medscape. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206147-overview [Accessed February 7, 2025]

George R, Panda S & Vijaya L 2021. Blindness in Glaucoma: Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Versus Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma—a Meta-Analysis. Eye 36, 2099–2105. 10.1038/s41433-021-01802-9

Reddy N 2024. Laser Surgery for Glaucoma: How It Works and What to Expect. GoodRx. Available at: https://www.goodrx.com/conditions/glaucoma/glaucoma-surgery [Accessed February 7, 2025]

Smith H 2024. What to Know About Early Signs of Glaucoma. Medical News Today. Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/early-signs-of-glaucoma [Accessed February 7, 2025]

Taylor M 2023. 11 Tips for Eating for Glaucoma. HealthCentral. Available at: https://www.healthcentral.com/slideshow/glaucoma-diet-nutrition-tips [Accessed February 7, 2025]

What Is The Success Rate Of Glaucoma Surgery

What Is The Success Rate Of Glaucoma Surgery? Key Insights

January 3, 2025/0 Comments/in Laser Eye Surgery /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is an eye disease that can cause blindness. Surgery is one way to address it. But what is the success rate of glaucoma surgery? This article will explain the success rate of glaucoma surgery and what you can expect.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a condition that causes high pressure in the eye. This pressure can harm the eye’s nerve and cause vision loss if not treated.

What Causes Glaucoma?

Glaucoma happens when the fluid in the eye does not drain the way it should. This causes a build-up of pressure. Over time, this pressure can damage the optic nerve.

Why Is Eye Pressure Important?

The pressure in your eye, called intraocular pressure (IOP), is important. If it’s too high, it can hurt the optic nerve. Doctors try to lower eye pressure to prevent damage.

How Glaucoma Is Found

Finding glaucoma early can help keep your eyes in good condition. Doctors use different tests to check for glaucoma, which are simple and don’t hurt. Regular eye tests can help find problems early so they can be treated.

Checking Eye Pressure

Doctors start by measuring the pressure inside your eye. If the pressure is high, it could mean glaucoma. This test is quick and easy. Keeping eye pressure low is important for healthy eyes.

Testing Side Vision

Doctors also test how well you can see to the side, which is called your side vision. Glaucoma often affects this type of vision first, even before you notice it. This test can help find glaucoma early.

Looking At The Optic Nerve

The optic nerve is in the back of your eye and helps you see. Doctors look closely at this nerve to check if there is any damage. If there is, it can mean glaucoma is present or getting worse.

Measuring The Cornea

The cornea is the clear front part of your eye. Doctors measure it to learn more about your eye pressure. This information helps them decide the best way to care for your eyes.

These simple tests help doctors find glaucoma early. Regular eye tests can help keep your vision safe and healthy for a long time.

Ways To Manage Glaucoma

There are several ways to manage glaucoma. These treatments help lower the pressure in your eye, which can protect your vision.

Eye Drops

Eye drops are one of the most common forms of glaucoma medications. They help reduce the pressure in your eyes. You use them every day like you would take medicine. The drops help the fluid in your eyes drain better or make less fluid. This lowers the pressure and helps protect your optic nerve.

Laser Therapy

Laser treatment may be the primary therapy for glaucoma. The doctor uses a specific laser to help the fluid in your eyes drain better. This can lower the pressure in your eye. Laser surgery can work well if you have early or moderate glaucoma. It’s a quick procedure that doesn’t take long to recover from.

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGs)

MIGs is a newer type of surgery. It is less invasive, which means the cuts made during the surgery are smaller. MIGs is for advanced glaucoma that needs significant IOP reduction. It has a shorter recovery time and works well for many glaucoma patients. This surgical procedure helps drain fluid from your eye, which lowers its pressure.

Other Surgeries

Sometimes, doctors may use other surgeries to help with glaucoma. One way is by putting a tiny tube, called a shunt, in the eye. This tube is a glaucoma drainage device that helps drain fluid so the eye has less pressure. Lower pressure helps keep your vision in good condition.

What Affects The Success Of Glaucoma Surgery?

There are many things that can affect how well glaucoma surgery works. These include the type of glaucoma, your health, and the surgeon’s skill.

Type Of Glaucoma

The type of glaucoma you have can affect surgery. Some types of glaucoma are easier to treat than others.

Age And Health

Your age and health can affect how well you recover from surgery. People who are older or have other health conditions may take longer to heal.

Family History Of Glaucoma

If glaucoma runs in your family, you may have a higher risk of getting it. This doesn’t mean surgery will not work. But starting treatment early is important to increase your chances of success.

Surgeon’s Experience

The skill of your surgeon matters. A more experienced surgeon is likely to be better at surgical intervention. You should choose a surgeon who can do the surgery you need.

Post-Surgery Care

How you care for your eyes after surgery is important. Follow-up visits to the doctor will help make sure the surgery worked. If needed, your doctor may recommend more treatments.

What Is The Success Rate Of Glaucoma Surgery?

The success rate depends on the type of surgery. Some surgeries have a success rate of 70% to 90%, but others may have a different success rate.

Types Of Glaucoma

There are different types of glaucoma. Each type affects your eyes in a different way, but they all cause high pressure that can hurt your eye’s nerve. Let’s look at the main types.

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type. It happens slowly and often with unnoticeable pain. The fluid in your eye doesn’t drain, which causes the pressure to build up. Over time, this can damage your optic nerve. You may not notice any changes in your vision until the damage is there.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Angle-closure glaucoma happens when the space where fluid drains gets blocked. This causes a sudden rise in eye pressure. It can be very painful and lead to vision loss if not treated. Angle-closure glaucoma needs immediate attention from a doctor.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma

In normal-tension glaucoma, the pressure in the eye is not very high. But the optic nerve still gets damaged. Doctors are not sure why this happens, but it might be because of poor blood flow to the optic nerve.

Congenital Glaucoma

Congenital glaucoma happens in babies or young children. It has to do with a problem with the way the eye drains fluid. Babies with this glaucoma often have cloudy eyes, and their eyes may be larger than normal.

Secondary Glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma happens due to health problems, like an eye disease or medication. It happens when something else raises the pressure in the eye, leading to damage.

Risks Of Glaucoma Surgery

Like any surgical treatment, glaucoma surgery can have some risks for glaucoma patients. But most people recover well. It is important to understand the possible risks before having surgery.

Infection

After surgery, there is a small chance of infection. This can happen if bacteria get into your eye. Your doctor will give you instructions on how to care for your eye to help prevent infection.

Scarring

Sometimes, surgery can cause scarring. This can make it harder for the fluid in your eye to drain. If this happens, you may need more treatment to help your eye heal.

Low Or High Eye Pressure

After surgery, your eye pressure might go too low or too high. If the pressure is too low, it can make your eye hurt. If it’s too high, it could damage your optic nerve. Your doctor will check your pressure after surgery to make sure it stays at the right level.

Vision Changes

Sometimes, surgery can cause changes in your vision. These changes are usually temporary, but they can be upsetting. If you notice any problems with your vision, tell your doctor right away.

Need For More Treatment

In some cases, surgery may not lower the pressure enough. This means you might need more surgery or different medications to manage glaucoma.

Improving The Success Of Glaucoma Surgery

There are things you can do to help make glaucoma surgery more successful. Following your doctor’s advice and caring for your eyes can improve the results.

Regular Check-Ups

After surgery, it’s important to go to all your check-up appointments. Your doctor will check your eye’s pressure and see if everything is healing. These visits help your doctor catch any problems early.

Taking Medications As Directed

Even after surgery, you may need eye drops or other medicines. These help keep your eye pressure at the right level. Make sure to take your medicine exactly as your doctor tells you.

Healthy Lifestyle

Living a healthy life can help improve the success of your surgery. Eating well, staying active, and avoiding smoking can all help your eyes stay healthy. Drinking water and managing other health problems can also make a difference.

Protecting Your Eyes

After surgery, your eyes might be more sensitive. It’s important to protect them from injury and strain. Wear sunglasses when you go outside, and avoid rubbing your eyes. Follow any advice your doctor gives about how to care for your eyes during recovery.

Staying In Touch With Your Doctor

If you have any concerns or notice changes in your vision, let your doctor know right away. The sooner you address problems, the better your chances for a successful recovery.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is glaucoma surgery safe?

Glaucoma surgery may be okay, but there are risks involved. These risks include infection and scarring. So make sure you follow your doctor’s advice.

How long does it take to recover from glaucoma surgery?

Recovery time depends on the type of surgery. MIGS has a short recovery time, while other surgeries may take weeks or more to heal.

Can glaucoma surgery restore vision?

Glaucoma surgery can help prevent vision loss but cannot restore already-lost vision. Early treatment is the best way to protect your sight.

Is glaucoma treatment expensive?

The cost of glaucoma treatment depends on the type of treatment and where you go for care. Some treatments, like eye drops, can be affordable, while surgeries may cost more. Your doctor can help you understand what treatment works best for you.

Key Points To Remember

Glaucoma surgery can help lower eye pressure and protect your vision. The success of the surgery depends on many factors. These factors include the type of surgery, your health, and the surgeon’s skill. Following your doctor’s advice and attending follow-ups may improve your chances of success. If you have glaucoma, talk to your doctor about the best treatment for you.

Do you have questions about glaucoma or your eye health? We’re here in Melbourne to help! Call Armadale Eye Clinic today at (03) 9070 5753 to learn more about how we can keep your eyes healthy.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Healthdirect Australia 2022. Glaucoma. Healthdirect. Available at: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glaucoma [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Mayo Clinic Staff 2022. Glaucoma – Diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372846 [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Moore W 2022. What Is Open-Angle Glaucoma? WebMD. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/eye-open-angle-glaucoma [Accessed November 12, 2024]

NHS 2021. Glaucoma Treatment. NHS. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glaucoma/treatments/ [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Puig M MD 2021. Complications and Management of Glaucoma Filtering Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy. Medscape. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1207755-treatment [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Smith H 2024. What to Know About Early Signs of Glaucoma. Medical News Today. Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/early-signs-of-glaucoma [Accessed November 12, 2024]

Taylor M 2023. 11 Tips for Eating for Glaucoma. HealthCentral. Available at: https://www.healthcentral.com/slideshow/glaucoma-diet-nutrition-tips [Accessed November 12, 2024]

types of glaucoma

Your Simplified Guide To The Types Of Glaucoma, Its Signs, Causes, And Management Methods

September 5, 2024/0 Comments/in Retinal Surgery /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that can result in vision loss and blindness by damaging the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain. This damage often results from abnormally high pressure in the eye. Understanding the various types of glaucoma, recognising the signs, identifying causes, and knowing how to manage this condition are crucial for maintaining healthy vision.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma refers to a group of severe eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, a critical part of your vision pathway. The damage is oftentimes caused by increased pressure in the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP). However, glaucoma can occur even when IOP is within normal ranges. If left unmanaged, glaucoma can lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness.

Types Of Glaucoma

There are many types of glaucoma, each with distinct characteristics and implications for eye health. Understanding these differences is essential for early detection and effective management.

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Primary open-angle glaucoma is a prevalent type of glaucoma. It occurs when the drainage angle created by the cornea and iris stays open, but the trabecular meshwork is partially obstructed. This causes a gradual increase in eye pressure, leading to optic nerve damage.
Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Angle-closure glaucoma (also called closed- or narrow-angle glaucoma) occurs when the drainage angle created by the cornea and iris closes or is obstructed. This can occur suddenly (acute angle-closure glaucoma) or gradually (chronic angle-closure glaucoma). It is a medical emergency and necessitates immediate attention.
Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Also known as normotension or low-tension glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma occurs when optic nerve damage happens despite normal eye pressure. The exact reason is unknown, but it is believed that a susceptible optic nerve or reduced blood flow to the optic nerve might have a role.
Neovascular Glaucoma: Neovascular glaucoma develops when new, abnormal blood vessels grow on the eye’s iris and obstruct its drainage angle. This is often associated with other conditions, like diabetes.

Signs You Have Glaucoma

Recognising the signs of glaucoma early is paramount to preventing significant vision loss. Since glaucoma often progresses silently, awareness of its symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and effective management. Here are some common signs to watch for:

Gradual Peripheral Vision Loss

In the early stages, primary open-angle glaucoma often presents with a gradual loss of peripheral vision, also known as “tunnel vision.” This incremental narrowing of the visual field can go unnoticed for years, as the central vision remains unaffected until later stages. Routine eye exams are essential for detecting these early changes before significant damage has occurred. Individuals may initially experience difficulty navigating crowded areas or frequently bump into objects on the side.

Severe Eye Pain

Severe eye pain may be a tell-tale sign of acute angle-closure glaucoma, a condition that develops suddenly and constitutes a medical emergency. Other alarming symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision, often accompany this intense pain. Acute angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the eye’s drainage angle becomes entirely blocked, causing a rapid increase in intraocular pressure. Immediate management is paramount to control the possibility of permanent vision loss.

Blurred Vision

Blurred vision or seeing halos around lights can indicate increased intraocular pressure, a hallmark of glaucoma. These visual disturbances result from the optic nerve’s stress and damage, leading to a gradual decline in the quality of vision. Patients might notice difficulty focusing on objects, increased glare, and halos around lights, especially in low-light conditions. These symptoms warrant a comprehensive eye examination to rule out glaucoma and other ocular conditions.

Severe Headaches

Frequent and severe headaches, particularly when accompanied by eye pain, can be a sign of angle-closure glaucoma. The headaches are often intense and may be mistaken for migraines or other types of headache disorders. The pain usually originates around the eye and can extend to the forehead and temple area. Given the serious nature of angle-closure glaucoma, an eye care professional should promptly evaluate any recurrent headaches with associated eye symptoms.

Eye Redness

Redness in the eye, especially when paired with pain and blurred vision, can indicate acute angle-closure glaucoma or other serious eye conditions. This redness results from increased pressure and inflammation within the eye, leading to congested blood vessels. Patients may also experience a gritty sensation in the eyes and increased tearing. Persistent eye redness requires immediate medical attention to determine the underlying cause and initiate an appropriate course of action.

Nausea And Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting, when occurring alongside severe eye pain and blurred vision, can signal an acute angle-closure glaucoma attack. These systemic symptoms are caused by the sudden spike in intraocular pressure, which affects the body’s overall physiological response. The presence of these symptoms signifies a severe form of glaucoma that needs urgent medical intervention to lessen optic nerve damage and irreversible vision loss.

Tunnel Vision

Advanced glaucoma can cause tunnel vision, in which only the central vision remains intact and peripheral vision is lost. This symptom is typically associated with long-standing, untackled glaucoma and signifies significant optic nerve damage. Patients with tunnel vision may find it challenging to perform daily mundane tasks such as driving, reading, and recognising faces. This condition greatly reduces the quality of life and underscores the importance of early detection and continuous monitoring of glaucoma.

Visual Disturbances

Other visual disturbances, such as flickering or shadowy images, light sensitivity, and frequent changes in prescription glasses, can also be early indicators of glaucoma. These signs are often subtle and may be attributed to normal ageing or other benign conditions, but they should not be overlooked.

Increased Intraocular Pressure

While not a symptom the patient feels, increased intraocular pressure can be detected during routine eye examinations. Regular monitoring of eye pressure is crucial for individuals at risk of glaucoma or those with a family history of the condition. Elevated eye pressure, even without other symptoms, necessitates further evaluation and possible intervention to control optic nerve damage.

Blind Spots

The presence of blind spots, known as scotomas, in the visual field can also be a sign of glaucoma. These blind spots occur due to localised damage to the optic nerve fibres and can be detected through visual field testing. Early identification and management of scotomas are essential to preserving the remaining vision.

Chronic Eye Fatigue

Persistent eye fatigue or strain, particularly when it does not resolve with rest, can indicate underlying eye pressure issues. Patients may experience a constant feeling of tired eyes, difficulty focusing, and general discomfort, which can be signs of developing glaucoma.

Reasons You Have Glaucoma

Several factors may increase the risk of developing glaucoma. Understanding these reasons is crucial for early detection and effective management of symptoms. Here, we delve into the key elements contributing to the onset of this complex eye condition:

Elevated Eye Pressure

Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most significant risk factor for glaucoma, particularly for primary open-angle glaucoma. Elevated eye pressure results from the imbalance between the production and drainage of aqueous humour, the fluid within the eye. When this fluid fails to drain properly through the trabecular meshwork, it leads to pressure buildup. Prolonged elevated IOP exerts stress on the optic nerve, causing damage and subsequent vision loss. Regular eye exams are crucial for tracking eye pressure and detecting early signs of glaucoma.

Family History

A family history of glaucoma significantly increases the risk of developing the condition. Genetics play a crucial role in glaucoma, with specific genes linked to the disease. If you have close relatives, such as parents or siblings, diagnosed with glaucoma, your likelihood of developing the condition increases. Genetic predisposition underscores the importance of regular screenings for individuals with a family history of glaucoma, enabling early detection and intervention.

Age

The likelihood of glaucoma increases with age, especially for those over 60. As we age, the structures within the eye, including the drainage angle and optic nerve, undergo changes that may predispose individuals to higher intraocular pressure and optic nerve vulnerability. Age-related changes in the eye’s anatomy and physiological functions contribute to the higher prevalence of glaucoma among older adults. Regular eye examinations become increasingly vital as one ages to detect glaucoma in its early stages and slow down vision loss.

Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions are thought to be associated with an increased likelihood of glaucoma. Diabetes, for instance, can cause diabetic retinopathy, leading to changes in blood vessels and increased eye pressure. High blood pressure and heart disease can also impact blood flow to the optic nerve, increasing the chances of developing glaucoma. Conditions like migraine and myopia (nearsightedness) are linked to higher susceptibility. Managing these underlying conditions through appropriate medical care can help mitigate the risk of glaucoma.

Eye Injuries

Previous eye injuries can lead to secondary glaucoma, a form of glaucoma resulting from damage to the eye. Traumatic events, such as blunt force injuries, penetrating eye injuries, or chemical burns, can disrupt the eye’s drainage system, resulting in increased intraocular pressure. Additionally, eye surgeries and inflammatory conditions like uveitis can cause secondary glaucoma. Individuals with a history of eye injuries should have regular check-ups to monitor for potential glaucoma development.

Prolonged Use Of Steroids

Long-term use of steroid medications, including eye drops, oral steroids, and inhalers, can increase the risk of developing steroid-induced glaucoma. Steroids can elevate intraocular pressure by affecting the eye’s drainage system. Patients on prolonged steroid therapy should have their eye pressure monitored regularly to detect any changes and adjust their management plan accordingly. Reducing or modifying steroid use under medical supervision can help manage this risk.

Ethnic Background

Certain ethnic backgrounds have a higher likelihood of developing specific types of glaucoma. For instance, African populations are more prone to primary open-angle glaucoma, which tends to develop at an earlier age and progress more rapidly and even angle-closure glaucoma. Understanding these ethnic predispositions highlights the need for targeted screening and awareness campaigns in high-risk communities.

High Myopia (Nearsightedness)

High myopia is associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma. The elongated shape of a highly myopic eye can affect the drainage of aqueous humour, leading to elevated intraocular pressure. Patients with high myopia should have regular eye exams to monitor for signs of glaucoma and take necessary measures.

Thin Corneas

Individuals with thinner central corneal thickness are at a higher risk of glaucoma. Thin corneas can lead to an underestimation of intraocular pressure readings, potentially delaying the diagnosis of glaucoma. Corneal thickness measurement is an important part of glaucoma risk assessment.

Can Glaucoma Be Cured? Understanding The Chronic Nature Of Glaucoma

The term “cure” implies the complete eradication of a disease, but unfortunately, there is no glaucoma treatment in the traditional sense. The damage caused by any type of glaucoma to the optic nerve and the resultant vision loss are permanent. However, with early detection and proper management methods, the progression of the disease may be slowed or halted, preserving the remaining vision.

Strategies For Managing Glaucoma

Managing glaucoma effectively involves regular monitoring and treatment of symptoms to reduce IOP and optic nerve damage. While there are studies going on to see if precision medicine can be used to reduce instances of blindness, these are the current common strategies:

Licenced Eye Drops: Eye drops are often the first line of management option for glaucoma. They work by lessening the production of aqueous fluid or increasing its outflow from the eye.
Medication: Oral medications may be prescribed to reduce intraocular pressure.
Laser Treatment: Laser treatments, such as Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT), can help improve the drainage of aqueous fluid and reduce eye pressure.
Glaucoma Surgery: When medications and laser treatments are insufficient to control intraocular pressure, surgery may be recommended to manage glaucoma effectively. There are several surgical options available, including:
- Filtering/Trabeculectomy: Filtering or trabeculectomy surgery involves creating a new drainage channel to allow the aqueous fluid to drain out of the eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
- Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS): MIGS offers less-invasive alternatives to traditional surgeries. These procedures aim to enhance the eye’s natural drainage system. Examples include iStent and Hydrus Microstent, small devices implanted to improve fluid outflow. For certain cases, MIGS procedures, including iStent and Hydrus, can be combined with cataract surgery. This combined approach addresses both conditions simultaneously, offering patients potential benefits regarding convenience and outcomes. Each surgical option is tailored to the individual patient’s needs and the specific characteristics of their glaucoma. Your eye care specialist will discuss these options and recommend the most suitable management plan based on your condition and overall eye health.
Regular Eye Examinations: Regular eye tests are crucial for detecting glaucoma early and monitoring its progression.
Healthy Lifestyle: keeping a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet and doing regular workouts, can help manage overall health and reduce glaucoma risk factors.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the early signs of glaucoma?

Early signs of glaucoma include accumulative loss of peripheral vision, blurry vision, and seeing halos around lights. Eye examinations are crucial for early detection.

How is glaucoma diagnosed?

Diagnosing glaucoma entails a comprehensive eye exam, including measuring eye pressure, inspecting the drainage angle, and assessing optic nerve health.

What should I do if I have symptoms of acute angle-closure glaucoma?

If you experience symptoms that can be similar to those of glaucoma, like severe eye pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision, seek prompt medical attention as it is a medical emergency.

What is the prognosis for individuals with glaucoma?

The prognosis for individuals with glaucoma varies depending on the type and severity of the disease and how early it is diagnosed and addressed. With early detection and proper management, many people with glaucoma can maintain good vision and control significant vision loss. Regular follow-up sessions with an eye care professional are essential for tracking the condition and adjusting the plan as needed.

Closing Remarks: Sustaining Vision Through Glaucoma Management

Understanding the types of glaucoma, recognising the signs, identifying the reasons, and knowing how to manage this condition can help preserve vision and slow down, if not prevent, significant vision loss. Comprehensive eye exams, early detection, and appropriate management plans are key to managing glaucoma effectively.

If you suspect you have glaucoma or are at higher risk, take proactive steps to help maintain your eye health and vision. By staying informed and vigilant, you can manage glaucoma and enjoy a high quality of life.

Take the first step towards preserving your vision. Call Armadale Eye Clinic in Armadale at (03) 9070 5753 to learn more about how we can help you manage glaucoma.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Bsn, Heather Smith Rn. “What to Know About Early Signs of Glaucoma.” Medical News Today, 17 Apr. 2024, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/early-signs-of-glaucoma. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Glaucoma UK. “MIGS | Minimally Invasive Surgery.” Glaucoma UK, glaucoma.uk/about-glaucoma/treatments-surgery/migs. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Healthdirect Australia. “Glaucoma.” Healthdirect, www.healthdirect.gov.au/glaucoma. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Iftikhar, Noreen, MD. “Glaucoma Surgery: Types, Complications, and Recovery.” Healthline, 2 Sept. 2022, www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/what-types-of-glaucoma-surgery-are-there. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Jackson, Andrew. “African Descent and Glaucoma: Unraveling the Genetics Putting a Community at Higher Risk – Glaucoma Research.” Glaucoma Research Foundation, 6 Feb. 2023, glaucoma.org/articles/african-descent-and-glaucoma-unraveling-the-genetics-putting-a-community-at-higher-risk. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Mayo Clinic Staff. “Glaucoma – Symptoms and Causes.” Mayo Clinic, 30 Sept. 2022, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372839. Accessed 18 July 2024.

Moroi, Sayoko E., et al. “Precision Medicine to Prevent Glaucoma-related Blindness.” Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, With Evaluated MEDLINE/Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol. 30, no. 3, May 2019, pp. 187–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/icu.0000000000000564.