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Cataracts Surgery Cost Australia

Understanding the Price of Sight: A Comprehensive Guide to Cataracts Surgery Cost Australia

February 28, 2024/0 Comments/in Cataract Surgery /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

Cataracts, a common eye condition characterised by clouding of the eye’s natural lens, can significantly impair vision. Surgery is often the most effective treatment to restore vision. In Australia, the cost of cataract surgery is a crucial consideration for many patients. This comprehensive guide aims to provide detailed information on the procedure, costs, and related aspects of cataract surgery in Australia.

What is Cataract Surgery?

Cataract surgery involves the removal of the clouded lens and its replacement with an artificial lens. The procedure is generally safe and effective, offering a significant improvement in vision for most patients.

Cost of Cataract Surgery in Australia

Understanding the financial aspect of cataract surgery is essential for patients in Australia. The cost can vary widely based on various factors, including the type of surgery, choice of lens implant, and individual surgeon and facility fees.

Breakdown of Costs

Surgeon’s Fees: This is typically the largest portion of the cost. Fees vary depending on the surgeon’s experience and the complexity of the case.
Hospital or Surgical Facility Fees: These costs cover the use of the facility, equipment, and staff.
Lens Implant Costs: Standard lenses are usually covered by Medicare and private health insurance. However, premium lenses, which offer additional benefits like improved night vision or correction of astigmatism, can significantly increase the cost.
Anaesthetist Fees: If an anaesthetist is required, their fees will add to the overall cost.

Additional Costs

Pre-Surgery Assessment: Costs for initial consultations and diagnostic tests.
Post-Surgery Expenses: Follow-up visits, medications, and any additional treatments for complications.

Financing Options for Cataract Surgery in Australia

Cataract surgery, while essential for many, can be a significant financial burden for patients. Understanding the various financing options available in Australia can help in planning and managing these expenses effectively.

Medicare and Private Health Insurance

Medicare: As Australia’s public health system, Medicare provides a rebate health insurance coverage for a portion of the cataract surgery cost. This typically includes part of the surgeon’s fees and standard intraocular lenses.
Private Health Insurance: Those with private health insurance may have additional coverage for cataract surgery. The extent of coverage depends on the individual policy, and it’s essential to check with your private health insurer. Some policies may cover the gap left by Medicare, while others may also cover facility fees or provide a rebate for premium lenses.

Payment Plans

Many surgical centres and ophthalmologists offer payment plans to spread your out of pocket costs over time to help patients manage the cost of cataract surgery. These plans may have different requirements for eligibility, so it’s best to inquire directly with the provider.

Health Care Cards and Government Assistance

Concession Cards: Holders of certain Australian concession cards, such as the Pensioner Concession Card or Health Care Card, may be eligible for additional rebates.
Veteran’s Affairs: Veterans may also have access to special benefits that cover a portion or all of the costs associated with cataract surgery.

Superannuation Funds

In some cases, individuals may be able to access their superannuation health fund early to pay for medical treatments, including cataract surgery. This option, known as the Early Release of Superannuation, requires meeting specific criteria and is typically reserved for cases of financial hardship or specific medical conditions.

Personal Loans and Credit Options

For some patients, personal loans or healthcare credit cards may be an option. These financial products can provide the funds needed for surgery but come with interest rates and fees. It’s important to carefully consider the terms and assess your ability to make repayments before choosing this option.

Tax Deductions

In some cases, medical expenses, including cataract surgery costs, can be tax-deductible in Australia. It’s advisable to consult with a tax professional to understand if this option applies to your situation.

Understanding Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery is a common and generally safe procedure used to treat cataracts, where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, impairing vision. With advances in medical technology, cataract surgery has become highly effective, with a relatively quick recovery time.

The Procedure

Pre-Surgical Assessment: Prior to surgery, an ophthalmologist conducts a thorough eye examination to determine the appropriate lens implant (intraocular lens, or IOL) and to check for any other eye conditions that might affect the surgery.
Type of Surgery: The two main types of cataract surgery are:
- Phacoemulsification (Phaco): The most common method, where a small incision is made in the side of the cornea. A tiny probe emits ultrasound waves to break up the cloudy lens, which is then removed by suction.
- Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE): Used for more advanced cataracts. A larger incision is made, and the cloudy lens is removed in one piece.
Lens Implantation: After removing the cataract, an artificial lens, or IOL, is inserted. These lenses can be monofocal, multifocal, or toric, depending on the patient’s vision needs and lifestyle.
Recovery: Post-surgery, patients typically recover quickly. Vision often begins to improve within a few days, although complete healing can take several weeks.

Risks and Complications

While cataract surgery is considered safe, like any surgical procedure, it carries risks. These include infection, bleeding, inflammation, swelling, retinal detachment, and issues with the lens implant. However, serious complications from eye surgery are rare.

Aftercare

Post-operative care is crucial for a successful recovery. This includes:

Eye Drops: To prevent infection and reduce inflammation.
Avoiding Strenuous Activities: To prevent pressure on the eye.
Follow-Up Appointments: To monitor healing and address any complications.

Impact on Vision

Most patients experience a significant improvement in vision following cataract surgery. Colours may appear brighter and vision clearer. Some patients might still need to wear glasses for certain activities, like reading or driving.

Lifestyle Adjustments

After cataract surgery, some lifestyle adjustments might be necessary, especially during the recovery period. Protecting the eyes from bright light, avoiding heavy lifting, and keeping water out of the eyes are common recommendations.

The Impact of Cataract Surgery on Your Life

Cataract surgery, one of the most common and successful medical procedures, can have a profound impact on a person’s life, particularly in terms of vision improvement and overall quality of life.

Vision Improvement

Clarity and Brightness: Post-surgery, many patients notice that colours are brighter and more vivid. The cloudiness that impairs vision is removed, resulting in clearer and sharper vision.
Reduced Dependence on Glasses: While some patients may still need glasses for specific tasks like reading or driving, the dependence on corrective lenses is often significantly reduced.
Enhanced Night Vision: Cataracts can cause halos around lights and difficulty seeing in low light. Surgery can alleviate these issues, improving night vision.

Psychological and Emotional Benefits

Increased Independence: Improved vision often leads to increased independence, especially for older adults. Tasks like driving, reading, and other daily activities can become easier.
Boost in Confidence and Social Interaction: Better vision can lead to increased confidence, social interaction, and overall quality of life. Patients often find it easier to engage in hobbies, social activities, and sports.
Reduction in Anxiety and Depression: Vision impairment can lead to isolation, anxiety, and depression. Restoring vision through cataract surgery can alleviate these feelings and contribute to a more positive outlook on life.

Lifestyle Changes

Increased Mobility and Safety: Improved vision can enhance mobility and safety, reducing the risk of falls and accidents.
Resumption of Activities: Patients can often resume hobbies and activities that were difficult before surgery, such as reading, sewing, or using electronic devices.

Health-Related Quality of Life

General Health Improvement: Improved vision can indirectly contribute to overall health. Patients may become more active and engaged in maintaining their health.
Reduction in Healthcare Costs: Improved vision can lead to a reduction in healthcare costs related to accidents or injuries due to poor vision.

Long-Term Considerations

Post-Surgery Care: Continued eye care is important. Regular check-ups can help maintain eye health and address any potential issues.
UV Protection: After cataract surgery, protecting the eyes from UV light is important. Wearing sunglasses and a hat outdoors can help.
Monitoring for Other Eye Conditions: Regular eye examinations are crucial to monitor for other conditions such as glaucoma or macular degeneration.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery raises many questions for patients considering the procedure. Here are some of the most commonly asked questions and their answers:

1. How Long Does Cataract Surgery Take?

Answer: Cataract surgery is typically a quick procedure, usually taking about 30 minutes per eye. However, including preparation and recovery time, you might spend 2-3 hours at the surgical facility.

2. Is Cataract Surgery Painful?

Answer: Cataract surgery is generally minimally painful. Local anaesthesia is used to numb the eye area, and patients may be given a mild sedative. Some people experience mild discomfort, pressure, or a sensation of fluid in the eye post-surgery.

3. What is the Recovery Time for Cataract Surgery?

Answer: Most people notice an improvement in their vision within a few days after surgery. Complete recovery and stabilisation of vision may take a few weeks. It’s important to follow your surgeon’s advice during the recovery period.

4. Are There Any Restrictions After Surgery?

Answer: Yes, there are some post-operative restrictions to ensure proper healing:

Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities for a few weeks.
Keep water out of your eyes for a period.
Wear protective eyewear as advised by your doctor.
Avoid rubbing or pressing on your eye.

5. When Can I Resume Driving?

Answer: This depends on how quickly your vision improves and any advice given by your ophthalmologist. Some patients are able to drive a few days after the surgery, but it’s important to get the green light from your doctor.

Is cataract surgery covered by insurance?

Cataract surgery is often covered by insurance, but it’s important to check with your specific provider for details. Medicare and most private insurances will cover the basic cost of cataract surgery, but additional fees or upgrades may not be covered. It’s best to discuss your insurance coverage with your doctor before scheduling the procedure.

Conclusion

Cataract surgery in Australia is a significant investment in your eye health. Understanding the costs, preparing adequately, and managing post-surgery care is key to a successful outcome, especially in the presence of complications like retinal vein occlusion. Consult with your eye care professional to get a tailored plan for your specific needs.

Contact us today at (03) 9070 5753 to schedule a consultation and get started on your journey towards a clearer vision. Our team of experienced ophthalmologists will guide you through the process and provide top-quality care every step of the way. Together, we can help you see the world with renewed clarity and confidence.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

References

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cataract-surgery/about/pac-20384765
https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cataract-surgery

how long does retinal vein occlusion last

How Long Does Retinal Vein Occlusion Last? Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

October 15, 2023/0 Comments/in Retinal Surgery /by Armadale Eye Clinic Team

For those affected by retinal vein occlusion and their family members, it’s important to comprehend the causes, symptoms as well as treatment options for this condition, which can cause vision loss. This blog post will outline ways of coping with its everyday effects while also providing methods of prevention for individuals dealing with a retinal vein problem or at risk of developing one. We’ll discuss how long a typical case may last and factors that could influence its prognosis in order to help people better manage such issues related to sight conditions caused by these types of veins.

Duration and Prognosis of Retinal Vein Occlusion

The duration of retinal vein occlusion depends on the type, severity, and treatment received and each person’s response. Fortunately, prognoses for regaining vision have increased drastically in recent years. Some may still experience permanent damage due to ischemia-related issues at the time of diagnosis. Though not common, cases do arise where recurrence occurs, and it should be monitored by both patients and healthcare professionals alike.

Factors Affecting Duration

The duration of retinal vein occlusion is affected by elements such as a person’s age and overall health. Elderly people typically have longer-term retinal vein occlusions than younger adults, whereas those with compromised well-being may endure protracted periods with this condition. Treatment options, including anti-VEGF injections, are available, which can be utilised to treat symptoms resulting from an obstruction in the veins leading towards the retina. Possibly even shortening its period altogether.

Prognosis for Vision Recovery

The visual prognosis of those with retinal vein occlusion can vary from individual to individual. Some may be able to regain partial or complete vision, but there is the possibility that others might suffer a permanent loss due to elements such as macular oedema and ischaemia present in their condition. Timely treatment gives one a better chance at retaining sight, making regular checkups accompanied by monitoring changes vital for people diagnosed with this vein occlusion.

Recurrence Risk

Retinal vein occlusion is a common retinal vascular disorder that usually has only a low recurrence risk. It can be affected by elements like hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, which may play a part in the formation of new abnormal blood vessels. To reduce potential relapse probability, people should keep track of their health status with help from a healthcare team to address any existing conditions and minimise related risk factors.

Types of Retinal Vein Occlusion

Retinal vein occlusion can be classified into two primary forms: central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). CRVO is when the major retinal vein gets blocked, while BRVO involves its more limited branches.

In a number of cases, there may not be any recognisable trigger for milder instances or types of this particular condition.

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a disorder that causes blockage of the major veins in the retina. Common risk elements associated with CRVO are high blood pressure, smoking, and glaucoma. Immediate diagnosis and management play an essential role in successful treatment as well as saving vision loss related to this condition. It’s important to note potential issues like central retinal vein occlusion or any form of vessel obstruction can cause severe sight problems if not detected on time.

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO)

Branch retinal vein occlusions (BRVO), which affect the smaller vessels of the retina, commonly lead to less severe vision loss. Studies have linked BRVOs with high blood pressure in individuals above 50 years old. Consequently, medical professionals suggest that patients experiencing this condition should get hypertension testing for better management and prevention of complications. Retinal veins are essential for retaining eyesight. Thus, regular checks on these conditions can help avoid more serious consequences related to reduced sight, such as branch retinal vein occlusion BRVO and other forms of vessel blockage or vein occlusion issues concerning a person’s vision.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Retinal Vein Occlusion

Retinal vein occlusion may be indicated by vision impairment that appears suddenly and painlessly, including blurriness of sight or seeing ‘floaters’. It is essential to take immediate action in these circumstances as it could signal an underlying condition needing prompt medical attention.

Diagnosing this type of occlusion requires comprehensive eye examination with dilation and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Retinal veins can give vital information when attempting to identify the cause of a patient’s symptoms.

Common Symptoms

Retinal vein occlusion is a condition that can result in blurred or distorted vision, floaters, and decreased sight in one eye. It’s essential to receive medical attention early on as it may help minimise the potential for complete loss of sight. Symptoms range from mild to severe and might worsen over time, so keeping an eye out for any changes could be beneficial.

Diagnostic Tests

To diagnose retinal vein occlusion, doctors typically perform a dilated eye exam and also use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to create an image of the retina. Fluorescein angiography is often employed in this process. The method involves injecting dye into the arm that will be observed as it passes through blood vessels around the optic nerve and onto veins associated with occlusion of said structures within eyesight’s view.

By doing so, they are able to capture pictures enabled by specialised cameras, helping them better detect any irregularities or problems found throughout these vital parts operating inside the vision’s window view.

Treatment Options for Retinal Vein Occlusion

Retinal vein occlusion can be managed in a variety of ways, including anti-VEGF injections, laser treatment, and vitrectomy surgery. The appropriate type and timing of these treatments depend on the person’s particular situation, as established by diagnostic tests.

The principal goal is to preserve or improve vision while preventing any complications resulting from retinal veins being blocked up.

Anti-VEGF Injections

When faced with retinal vein occlusion, a common solution is the use of anti-VEGF injections. These nifty injections combat the root of the problem by curtailing the production of a troublesome protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Without the injections, VEGF can lead to unwanted leakage into the retina, causing swelling and vision issues.

Now, the thought of an injection into the eye might sound daunting, but fret not! A simple drop of anaesthetic ensures that the procedure is comfortable. It’s like giving your eye a little numbing hug before the treatment.

Depending on the individual nuances and severity of each patient’s condition, this treatment might span from one to two years. Think of it as a journey to a better vision, with each injection paving the way for clearer days ahead.

Laser Treatment

For those who experience persisting retinal swelling after three intravitreal injection treatments, laser treatment can be a helpful solution for managing retinal vein occlusion. The process involves sealing up any leaking veins and lessening the puffiness in that region of the retina with this method. Doing so may help reduce complications and enhance vision.

It is important to note that such therapy is not suitable or beneficial for everyone with this condition. It has been seen as an effective option when other options have run their course.

Vitrectomy Surgery

Vitrectomy surgery is a form of eye operation that addresses issues concerning the vitreous and retina. During this process, doctors remove scar tissue as well as blood from the eyes to enhance sight. This procedure can be utilised for retinal vein occlusion patients in order to conserve their vision while managing potential problems caused by it. Those with such issues may benefit greatly from using these measures due to their efficiency in aiding them to maintain good levels of visual acuity despite the occurrence of vein occlusion-related complications.

Managing Retinal Vein Occlusion in Daily Life

Living with a vein occlusion of the retina necessitates alterations to different areas in daily life, including job tasks, car travel, and finding supportive networks. Through interacting efficiently with employers, medical practitioners, and support systems, an individual affected by retinal venous closure can still enjoy their lifestyle despite making adaptations.

Adjustments at Work

Having retinal vein occlusion in the workplace necessitates an approach to management to ensure suitable accommodations are made. This could involve adjustment of tasks, flexible timing, and the use of assistive devices. The Access to Work scheme provides grants for employers that improve their employability options via accessible equipment or services.

Driving with Retinal Vein Occlusion

The driver must adhere to the vision standards set by DVLA when driving with retinal vein occlusion. If the unaffected eye meets those specifications, no notification from any party is required. It is still encouraged that individuals consult their ophthalmologist or healthcare professional for assurance on safety measures regarding a retinal vein issue and its effects while behind the wheel.

Support Systems and Resources

Support systems and resources are available for individuals suffering from retinal vein occlusion. This includes low vision services to help manage central vision loss along with visual aids social services, as well as the invaluable emotional aid of family members, friends or those who have had a similar experience. Joining a supportive group can offer advice on how best to handle living with retinal vein issues and accompanying vision problems.

Preventing Retinal Vein Occlusion

Several risk factors should be identified, and lifestyle modifications should be made to help prevent retinal vein occlusion. This includes controlling cardiovascular conditions, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking. These positive changes can reduce the chances of developing this eye disorder affecting veins in the retina. Medical interventions may also need to be considered for effective prevention against such an occurrence of venous obstruction within the eyesight system itself.

Identifying Risk Factors

Retinal vein occlusion is a condition that an irregularity in the blood vessels can cause, and its risk factors include age, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking. Older people have greater chances of being affected by this problem, as well as those with high blood pressure or suffering from diabetes, whose likelihood of developing retinal vein problems increases more. Taking into consideration all these factors might aid in preventing or at least limiting its influence on one’s vision.

Consequently, recognising each threat factor that may result in retinal veins becoming blocked or ruptured should be evaluated properly and managed accordingly so it would no longer become such a great danger to their sight.

Lifestyle Changes

Retinal vein occlusion can be a serious risk, so taking preventive measures is important. Eating foods high in vitamins A, C, and potassium as part of maintaining a heart-healthy diet, plus engaging in regular physical activity to keep one’s weight down, are recommended steps for keeping this condition at bay. It also pays off to monitor blood pressure and cholesterol levels closely. All these components combined could reduce the likelihood of suffering from retinal vein or even complete occlusion of veins, affecting eyesight negatively.

Medical Interventions

Retinal vein occlusion can be significantly reduced with the right medical interventions, such as controlling high blood pressure and diabetes. Blood thinning medications like aspirin may also reduce a person’s risk of developing retinal vein problems.

Regular eye exams are essential for catching any changes in vision early on, which is important when it comes to managing occurrences related to retinal veins or even occlusions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can retinal vein occlusion go away on its own?

Navigating the retinal vein occlusion maze can feel like being handed a puzzle with no guidebook. While it’s true that the condition isn’t reversible, there’s a silver lining. Modern medicine has some ace cards up its sleeve.

Imagine anti-VEGF and steroid injections as our superheroes of the eye world. They swoop in, combat complications, and can pave the way for brighter vision horizons. Think of them as your vision’s guardians, always ready to fight off the nefarious effects of this condition.

However, a gentle reminder: the eye, much like a delicate piece of art, doesn’t fix its intricacies on its own. If you or someone you know experiences symptoms hinting at retinal vein troubles, it’s like the universe is nudging you to act. Don’t hit snooze on it. Make that appointment, seek out an expert’s perspective, and embark on the journey to clearer, brighter days ahead.

How long does vein occlusion last?

Vein occlusion has the potential to remain for several months. If swelling persists on the retina for a long time, it is more likely that irreparable harm will be caused. A timely diagnosis of vein occlusion can reduce the risks of permanent damage drastically.

What are the main types of retinal vein occlusion?

There are two main forms of retinal vein occlusion, namely central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). CRVO is a condition caused by blockage in the larger veins of the retina, while BRVO occurs when there is an obstruction within smaller branches of these major vessels

What are the common symptoms of retinal vein occlusion?

Symptoms of retinal vein occlusion may include:

Blurry or distorted vision.
The presence of spots called floaters.
A decrease in sight from one eye.

This type of problem can be caused by an issue with the veins located in the retina.

What diagnostic tests are used to diagnose retinal vein occlusion?

Picture the fundoscopic examination as the grand tour of your eye’s inner landscape. By widening the pupil, we gain a VIP pass to view the retina in all its glory.

Next, we have optical coherence tomography, or OCT, our high-tech magnifying glass. It’s like having HD clarity in the eye’s layers, giving us invaluable insights into its intricate details.

And last, but by no means least, the fluorescein angiography lights up our path. It’s like the grand finale of a fireworks display, illuminating the blood vessels revealing any blockages or issues in vibrant colour.

Together, these tests are our trusty sidekicks, guiding us to understand the relationship between a patient’s veins and retinal vein occlusion. With knowledge in hand, we’re well on our way to the best course of action.

Summary

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and distinct types of retinal vein occlusion can give individuals the power to make wise decisions about their health. By arming themselves with knowledge about this condition, they are more equipped to select treatments and lifestyle changes that could help manage it effectively, allowing them to maintain a high quality of life. Treatment options for these cases vary, so recognising what kind someone has is fundamental when deciding on therapies that best fit each situation since there isn’t only a one-size-fits-all solution available.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

Retinal vein occlusion

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007330.htm#:~:text=Causes&text=Retinal%20vein%20occlusion%20is%20most,formation%20of%20a%20blood%20clot.

Central vein occlusion

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525985/

Retinal vein occlusion

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14206-retinal-vein-occlusion-rvo

What is Retinal vein occlusion?

https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/retinal-vein-occlusion

retinal vein occlusion symptoms melbourne

Retinal Vein Occlusion Symptoms — Everything You Need To Know

April 24, 2023/0 Comments/in Armadale Eye Blogs /by armadaleeye

The retina is a complex piece of tissue. It’s responsible for receiving light coming into the eye, converting it into a neural signal, and sending it through a series of cells, down the optic nerve, where it eventually reaches the visual parts of the brain. After the cells of the retina have sent on their signals, they need to reset to do it all over again. The retina is supported by various other tissues in order to achieve this, all of which need oxygen and nutrients to perform properly.

Blood Vessels of the Retina

Due to its constant activity, the retina needs a constant supply of oxygen and blood flow through its blood circulation system. The main retinal blood vessels include the central retinal artery and the central retinal vein. The central retinal artery carries high-oxygen and nutrient-rich blood flow into the retina while the central retinal vein takes deoxygenated blood out of the retina to be replenished back at the heart and lungs.

Similar to other blood vessels of the body, it is possible to develop a blockage in a retinal blood vessel, whether an artery or a vein. In medical terms, this is known as an artery or vein occlusion. The blood vessels of the eye can be subject to various different types of occlusions, including central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, central retinal artery occlusion, or branch retinal artery occlusion. Compared to blockages of the retinal arteries, retinal vein occlusions are more common.

What Causes a Retinal Vein Occlusion?

A retinal vein occlusion can occur in either the main retinal vein- the central retinal vein, which is then termed a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), or in a smaller blood vessel, called a branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

The main cause of a retinal vein occlusion is the formation of a blood clot, which typically occurs at the point where a retinal artery crosses over a vein. The result of this is poor blood flow through that point of the retinal circulation. As the outflow of blood is slowed, it accumulates behind the point of blockage. This leads to swelling, including around the macula. This is known as macular edema, which can result in central vision loss.

Other effects of a retinal vein occlusion include haemorrhaging and fluid leakage into the retina (bleeding). This leakage of blood into the surrounding retinal tissues can cause further cellular damage and vision loss.

Symptoms of Retinal Vein Occlusion

The symptoms of retinal vein occlusions are non-specific. That means, there is not one single symptom that would make you realise you’re experiencing a retinal vein occlusion.

In most cases retinal vein occlusion occurs just in the one eye. If the retinal vessel occlusion results in swelling of the macula (macular edema), you will notice a gradual, painless loss of vision in your central sight. In some cases, the loss of vision can be quite sudden. However, if the blood clot occurs in a retinal vessel further away from the macula, you may actually not be aware of any changes to your vision. In situations that involve a large vitreous hemorrhage, where there is a significant bleed into the space of the eyeball containing the retina, you may experience sudden complete vision loss in that eye.

Some people also report seeing dark specks, lines, or squiggles in their vision. These are known as floaters. During a retinal vein occlusion, floaters are typically droplets of blood leaking into the vitreous.

Risk Factors for Retinal Vein Occlusion

Risk factors are characteristics of a person that make them more likely to experience a disease or condition. For any condition, including central or branch retinal vein occlusions, having a risk factor does not guarantee you will develop the condition. Conversely, not having any of the risk factors does not rule you out from ever experiencing the disease.

The risk factors relevant to retinal vein occlusions are similar to those for strokes and heart attacks. They include:

Older age (particularly being over the age of 60)
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Hypercholesterolaemia (high blood cholesterol levels)
Diabetes (a systemic disease involving elevated blood sugar levels)
Smoking
Being overweight or obese

It is possible to reduce your risk of retinal vein occlusion by managing these modifiable risk factors. Apart from getting older, all other factors can be controlled.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Either an optometrist or ophthalmologist will be able to diagnose a retinal vein occlusion. They achieve this by viewing the whole retina and the retinal blood vessels, assessing for any haemorrhaging or retinal swelling that may be due to a blocked vein.

If you’ve attended to an optometrist who diagnoses a retinal vein occlusion, you’ll be then referred to an ophthalmologist for treatment.

For a better view of the whole retina, you will most likely have dilating eyedrops instilled, which widen the pupil and temporarily stop it from constricting, which its natural response to light.

Macular edema is most easily visualised using a test called optical coherence tomography. Optical coherence tomography will also be used to continue monitoring the improvement of the macular edema over time. Another test called fluorescein angiography involves the injection of a dye through you veins, which helps to highlight the location of blood clots, any abnormal blood vessels, and the overall state of your retinal veins and arteries.

Treatment options will depend on the specifics of your condition. If macular edema is present, you may be recommended an eye injection of a drug called anti vascular endothelial growth factor. These injections are typically repeated until the swelling has resolved. Anti vascular endothelial growth factor injections can also be used if the retina begins to develop abnormal new blood vessels. These new blood vessels are a risk for a secondary disease called neovascular glaucoma.

Laser treatment is also an option, both for managing any retinal swelling as well as the growth of new blood vessels. Any unusual changes to your vision should never be ignored, particularly areas of vision loss.

Call us now on (03) 9070 5753 for a consultation.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources

Retinal vein occlusion.
https://www.mdfoundation.com.au/about-macular-disease/other-macular-conditions/retinal-vein-occlusion/

What is Branch Retinal Vein occlusion (BRVo)?
https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-branch-retinal-vein-occlusion